 |
| Titel |
Investigating a two-component model of solid fuel organic aerosol in London: processes, PM1 contributions, and seasonality |
| VerfasserIn |
D. E. Young, J. D. Allan, P. I. Williams, D. C. Green, R. M. Harrison, J. Yin, M. J. Flynn, M. W. Gallagher, H. Coe |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1680-7316
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 5 ; Nr. 15, no. 5 (2015-03-05), S.2429-2443 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119491
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-2429-2015.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
Solid fuel emissions, including those from biomass burning, are increasing in
urban areas across the European Union due to rising energy costs and
government incentives to use renewable energy sources for heating. In order
to help protect human health as well as to improve air quality and pollution
abatement strategies, the sources of combustion aerosols, their
contributions, and the processes they undergo need to be better understood. A
high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was
therefore deployed at an urban background site between January and February
2012 to investigate solid fuel organic aerosols (SFOA) in London. The
variability of SFOA was examined and the factors governing the split between
the two SFOA factors derived from Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) were
assessed. The concentrations of both factors were found to increase during
the night and during cold periods, consistent with domestic space heating
activities. The split between the two factors is likely governed
predominantly by differences in burn conditions where SFOA1 best represents
more efficient burns and SFOA2 best represents less efficient burns. The
differences in efficiency may be due to burner types or burn phase, for
example. Different fuel types and levels of atmospheric processing also
likely contribute to the two factors. As the mass spectral profile of SFOA is
highly variable, the findings from this study may have implications for
improving future source apportionment and factorisation analyses.
During the winter, SFOA was found to contribute 38% to the total
non-refractory submicron organic aerosol (OA) mass, with similar
contributions from both SFOA factors (20% from SFOA1 and 18% from
SFOA2). A similar contribution of SFOA was derived for the same period from a
compact time-of-flight AMS (cToF-AMS), which measured for a full calendar
year at the same site. The seasonality of SFOA was investigated using the
year-long data set where concentrations were greatest in the autumn and
winter. During the summer, SFOA contributed 11% to the organic fraction,
where emissions resulted from different anthropogenic activities such as
barbecues and domestic garden wood burning. The significant contribution of
SFOA to total organic mass throughout the year suggests that the negative
effects on health and air quality, as well as climate, are not just confined
to winter as exposure to these aerosols and the associated black carbon can
also occur during the summer, which may have significant implications for
air-quality policies and mitigation strategies. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|