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| Titel |
Reconstructing European forest management from 1600 to 2010 |
| VerfasserIn |
M. J. McGrath, S. Luyssaert, P. Meyfroidt, J. O. Kaplan, M. Bürgi, Y. Chen, K. Erb, U. Gimmi, D. McInerney, K. Naudts, J. Otto, F. Pasztor, J. Ryder, M.-J. Schelhaas, A. Valade |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 12, no. 14 ; Nr. 12, no. 14 (2015-07-23), S.4291-4316 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118030
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-12-4291-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Because of the slow accumulation and long residence time of carbon in biomass and soils, the present state
and future dynamics of temperate forests are influenced by management that took place centuries to
millennia ago. Humans have exploited the forests of Europe for fuel, construction materials and
fodder for the entire Holocene. In recent centuries, economic and demographic trends led to increases in both forest area and management intensity across much of Europe. In order to quantify the
effects of these changes in forests and to provide a baseline for studies on future land-cover–climate interactions and biogeochemical cycling, we created a temporally and spatially
resolved reconstruction of European forest management from 1600 to 2010. For the period 1600–1828, we
took a supply–demand approach, in which supply was estimated on the basis of historical annual wood
increment and land cover reconstructions. We made demand estimates by multiplying population
with consumption factors for construction materials, household fuelwood, industrial food processing
and brewing, metallurgy, and salt production. For the period 1829–2010, we used a supply-driven
backcasting method based on national and regional statistics of forest age structure from the second
half of the 20th century. Our reconstruction reproduces the most important changes in forest management
between 1600 and 2010: (1) an increase of 593 000 km2 in conifers at the expense of
deciduous
forest (decreasing by 538 000 km2); (2) a 612 000 km2 decrease in unmanaged forest; (3)
a 152 000 km2 decrease in coppice management; (4) a 818 000 km2 increase in
high-stand
management; and (5) the rise and fall of litter raking, which at its peak in 1853 resulted in
the removal of 50 Tg dry litter per year. |
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