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| Titel |
Green and blue water footprint reduction in irrigated agriculture: effect of irrigation techniques, irrigation strategies and mulching |
| VerfasserIn |
A. D. Chukalla, M. S. Krol, A. Y. Hoekstra |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 19, no. 12 ; Nr. 19, no. 12 (2015-12-21), S.4877-4891 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120869
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-19-4877-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Consumptive water footprint (WF) reduction in irrigated crop production is
essential given the increasing competition for freshwater. This study
explores the effect of three management practices on the soil water balance
and plant growth, specifically on evapotranspiration (ET) and yield (Y) and
thus the consumptive WF of crops (ET / Y). The management practices are
four irrigation techniques (furrow, sprinkler, drip and subsurface drip
(SSD)), four irrigation strategies (full (FI), deficit (DI), supplementary
(SI) and no irrigation), and three mulching practices (no mulching, organic
(OML) and synthetic (SML) mulching). Various cases were considered: arid,
semi-arid, sub-humid and humid environments in Israel, Spain, Italy and the
UK, respectively; wet, normal and dry years; three soil types (sand, sandy
loam and silty clay loam); and three crops (maize, potato and tomato). The
AquaCrop model and the global WF accounting standard were used to relate the
management practices to effects on ET, Y and WF. For each management
practice, the associated green, blue and total consumptive WF were compared
to the reference case (furrow irrigation, full irrigation, no mulching). The
average reduction in the consumptive WF is 8–10 % if we change from the
reference to drip or SSD, 13 % when changing to OML, 17–18 % when
moving to drip or SSD in combination with OML, and 28 % for drip or SSD
in combination with SML. All before-mentioned reductions increase by one or a
few per cent when moving from full to deficit irrigation. Reduction in
overall consumptive WF always goes together with an increasing ratio of green
to blue WF. The WF of growing a crop for a particular environment is smallest
under DI, followed by FI, SI and rain-fed. Growing crops with sprinkler
irrigation has the largest consumptive WF, followed by furrow, drip and SSD.
Furrow irrigation has a smaller consumptive WF compared with sprinkler, even
though the classical measure of "irrigation efficiency" for furrow is
lower. |
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