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| Titel |
Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from fuels common in the US |
| VerfasserIn |
J. B. Gilman, B. M. Lerner, W. C. Kuster, P. D. Goldan, C. Warneke, P. R. Veres, J. M. Roberts, J. A. Gouw, I. R. Burling, R. J. Yokelson |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 24 ; Nr. 15, no. 24 (2015-12-17), S.13915-13938 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120231
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-13915-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| A comprehensive suite of instruments was used to quantify the emissions of
over 200 organic gases, including methane and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), and 9 inorganic gases from 56 laboratory burns of 18 different
biomass fuel types common in the southeastern, southwestern, or northern US.
A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument provided extensive
chemical detail of discrete air samples collected during a laboratory burn
and was complemented by real-time measurements of organic and inorganic
species via an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR)
instrument and three different chemical ionization-mass spectrometers. These
measurements were conducted in February 2009 at the US Department of
Agriculture's Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana and were used as
the basis for a number of emission factors reported by Yokelson et
al. (2013). The relative magnitude and composition of the gases emitted
varied by individual fuel type and, more broadly, by the three geographic
fuel regions being simulated. Discrete emission ratios relative to carbon
monoxide (CO) were used to characterize the composition of gases emitted by
mass; reactivity with the hydroxyl radical, OH; and
potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors for the 3 different US
fuel regions presented here. VOCs contributed less than
0.78 % ± 0.12 % of emissions by mole and less than
0.95 % × 0.07 % of emissions by mass (on average) due to the
predominance of CO2, CO, CH4, and NOx emissions; however, VOCs
contributed 70–90 (±16) % to OH reactivity and were the only
measured gas-phase source of SOA precursors from combustion of biomass. Over
82 % of the VOC emissions by mole were unsaturated compounds including
highly reactive alkenes and aromatics and photolabile oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs)
such as formaldehyde. OVOCs contributed 57–68 % of the VOC mass emitted,
41–54 % of VOC-OH reactivity, and aromatic-OVOCs such as benzenediols,
phenols, and benzaldehyde were the dominant potential SOA precursors. In
addition, ambient air measurements of emissions from the Fourmile Canyon Fire
that affected Boulder, Colorado in September 2010 allowed us to investigate
biomass burning (BB) emissions in the presence of other VOC sources (i.e.,
urban and biogenic emissions) and identify several promising BB markers
including benzofuran, 2-furaldehyde, 2-methylfuran, furan, and benzonitrile. |
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