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| Titel |
In situ, satellite measurement and model evidence on the dominant regional contribution to fine particulate matter levels in the Paris megacity |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Beekmann, A. S. H. Prévôt, F. Drewnick, J. Sciare, S. N. Pandis, H. A. C. Denier van der Gon, M. Crippa, F. Freutel, L. Poulain, V. Ghersi, E. Rodríguez, S. Beirle, P. Zotter, S.-L. Weiden-Reinmüller, M. Bressi, C. Fountoukis, H. Petetin, S. Szidat, J. Schneider, A. Rosso, I. El Haddad, A. Megaritis, Q. J. Zhang, V. Michoud, J. G. Slowik, S. Moukhtar, P. Kolmonen, A. Stohl, S. Eckhardt, A. Borbon, V. Gros, N. Marchand, J. L. Jaffrezo, A. Schwarzenboeck, A. Colomb, A. Wiedensohler, S. Borrmann, M. Lawrence, A. Baklanov, U. Baltensperger |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 16 ; Nr. 15, no. 16 (2015-08-27), S.9577-9591 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119996
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-9577-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| A detailed characterization of air quality in the megacity of Paris (France) during two 1-month intensive campaigns
and from additional 1-year observations revealed that about 70 % of the
urban background fine particulate matter (PM) is transported on average
into the megacity from upwind regions. This dominant influence of regional
sources was confirmed by in situ measurements during short intensive and
longer-term campaigns, aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from
ENVISAT, and modeling results from PMCAMx and CHIMERE chemistry transport models. While advection of
sulfate is well documented for other megacities, there was surprisingly high
contribution from long-range transport for both nitrate and organic aerosol.
The origin of organic PM was investigated by comprehensive analysis of
aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), radiocarbon and tracer measurements during
two intensive campaigns. Primary fossil fuel combustion emissions
constituted less than 20 % in winter and 40 % in summer of carbonaceous
fine PM, unexpectedly small for a megacity. Cooking activities and, during
winter, residential wood burning are the major primary organic PM sources.
This analysis suggests that the major part of secondary organic aerosol is
of modern origin, i.e., from biogenic precursors and from wood burning. Black
carbon concentrations are on the lower end of values encountered in
megacities worldwide, but still represent an issue for air quality. These
comparatively low air pollution levels are due to a combination of low
emissions per inhabitant, flat terrain, and a meteorology that is in general
not conducive to local pollution build-up. This revised picture of a megacity only being partially
responsible for its own average and peak PM levels has
important implications for air pollution regulation
policies. |
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