 |
| Titel |
Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set |
| VerfasserIn |
S. Eckhardt, B. Quennehen, D. J. L. Olivié, T. K. Berntsen, R. Cherian, J. H. Christensen, W. Collins, S. Crepinsek, N. Daskalakis, M. Flanner, A. Herber, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, L. Huang, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, J. Langner, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Mahmood, A. Maßling, S. Myriokefalitakis, I. E. Nielsen, J. K. Nøjgaard, J. Quaas, P. K. Quinn, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, S. Sharma, R. B. Skeie, H. Skov, T. Uttal, K. Salzen, A. Stohl |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1680-7316
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 16 ; Nr. 15, no. 16 (2015-08-24), S.9413-9433 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119988
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-9413-2015.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon (BC) and other aerosols in the
Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called
Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long been struggling to
capture this seasonality and especially the high concentrations associated
with Arctic Haze. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations
from eleven different models driven with the same emission inventory against
a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set over a time period of 2 years
(2008–2009). The set of models consisted of one Lagrangian particle
dispersion model, four chemistry transport models (CTMs), one atmospheric
chemistry-weather forecast model and five chemistry climate models (CCMs), of
which two were nudged to meteorological analyses and three were running
freely. The measurement data set consisted of surface measurements of
equivalent BC (eBC) from five stations (Alert, Barrow, Pallas, Tiksi and
Zeppelin), elemental carbon (EC) from Station Nord and Alert and aircraft
measurements of refractory BC (rBC) from six different campaigns. We find
that the models generally captured the measured eBC or rBC and sulfate
concentrations quite well, compared to previous comparisons. However, the
aerosol seasonality at the surface is still too weak in most models.
Concentrations of eBC and sulfate averaged over three surface sites are
underestimated in winter/spring in all but one model (model means for
January–March underestimated by 59 and 37 % for BC and sulfate,
respectively), whereas concentrations in summer are overestimated in the
model mean (by 88 and 44 % for July–September), but with overestimates
as well as underestimates present in individual models. The most pronounced
eBC underestimates, not included in the above multi-site average, are found
for the station Tiksi in Siberia where the measured annual mean eBC
concentration is 3 times higher than the average annual mean for all other
stations. This suggests an underestimate of BC sources in Russia in the
emission inventory used. Based on the campaign data, biomass burning was
identified as another cause of the modeling problems. For sulfate, very large
differences were found in the model ensemble, with an apparent
anti-correlation between modeled surface concentrations and total atmospheric
columns. There is a strong correlation between observed sulfate and eBC
concentrations with consistent sulfate/eBC slopes found for all Arctic
stations, indicating that the sources contributing to sulfate and BC are
similar throughout the Arctic and that the aerosols are internally mixed and
undergo similar removal. However, only three models reproduced this finding,
whereas sulfate and BC are weakly correlated in the other models. Overall, no
class of models (e.g., CTMs, CCMs) performed better than the others and
differences are independent of model resolution. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|