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| Titel |
Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs |
| VerfasserIn |
S. Fuzzi, U. Baltensperger, K. Carslaw, S. Decesari, H. Denier van der Gon, M. C. Facchini, D. Fowler, I. Koren, B. Langford, U. Lohmann, E. Nemitz, S. Pandis, I. Riipinen, Y. Rudich, M. Schaap, J. G. Slowik, D. V. Spracklen, E. Vignati, M. Wild, M. Williams, S. Gilardoni |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 14 ; Nr. 15, no. 14 (2015-07-24), S.8217-8299 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119927
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-8217-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously
over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500–2000 papers per year in
the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in
measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate
understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of
atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing
scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high
importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes
one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate
change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results
within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and the policy needs, which have
driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the
last 2 decades.
The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science
underpinning climate–aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health
and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is
responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality,
we still do not know the relative importance of the different chemical
components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall
effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty
there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global
problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black
carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global
warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature
would exceed 2 °C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on
ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic
aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in
large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be
done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of
the environment and the human population.
A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is
currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol
science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the
relative roles of different PM precursor sources and their response to
climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are
prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for
an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies. |
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