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| Titel |
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) from MIPAS in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere 2002–2012 |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Höpfner, C. D. Boone, B. Funke, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, A. Günther, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, S. Lossow, H. C. Pumphrey, W. G. Read, A. Roiger, G. Stiller, H. Schlager, T. von Clarmann, K. Wissmüller |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 12 ; Nr. 15, no. 12 (2015-06-29), S.7017-7037 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119857
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-7017-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Vertically resolved distributions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with
global coverage in the height region from the upper troposphere to
~20 km altitude have been derived from observations by
the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS)
on Envisat for the period July 2002 to April 2012. Retrieved volume
mixing ratio profiles representing single measurements are
characterized by typical errors in the range of 70–100 pptv
and by a vertical resolution ranging from 3 to 5 km. Comparison
with observations by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) revealed a slightly varying bias with
altitude of −20 to 50 pptv for the MIPAS data set in case of
volcanically enhanced concentrations. For background concentrations
the comparison showed a systematic difference between the two major
MIPAS observation periods. After debiasing, the difference could be
reduced to biases within −10 to 20 pptv in the altitude
range of 10–20 km with respect to ACE-FTS. Further
comparisons of the debiased MIPAS data set with in situ measurements
from various aircraft campaigns showed no obvious inconsistencies
within a range of around ±50 pptv. The SO2
emissions of more than 30 volcanic eruptions could be identified
in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). Emitted
SO2 masses and lifetimes within different altitude ranges in
the UTLS have been derived for a large part of these eruptions. Masses
are in most cases within estimations derived from other
instruments. From three of the major eruptions within the MIPAS
measurement period – Kasatochi in August 2008, Sarychev in June 2009
and Nabro in June 2011 – derived lifetimes of SO2 for the
altitude ranges 10–14, 14–18 and
18–22 km are 13.3 ± 2.1, 23.6 ± 1.2 and 32.3 ± 5.5 days respectively. By omitting
periods with obvious volcanic influence we have derived background
mixing ratio distributions of SO2. At 10 km altitude
these indicate an annual cycle at northern mid- and high latitudes
with maximum values in summer and an amplitude of about
30 pptv. At higher altitudes of about 16–18 km,
enhanced mixing ratios of SO2 can be found in the regions of
the Asian and the North American monsoons in summer – a possible
connection to an aerosol layer discovered by Vernier et al. (2011b) in that
region. |
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