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| Titel |
Simulating black carbon and dust and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow: a case study over North China with field campaign measurements |
| VerfasserIn |
C. Zhao, Z. Hu, Y. Qian, L. Ruby Leung, J. Huang, M. Huang, J. Jin, M. G. Flanner, R. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Yan, Z. Lu, D. G. Streets |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 20 ; Nr. 14, no. 20 (2014-10-30), S.11475-11491 |
| Datensatznummer |
250119132
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-11475-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| A state-of-the-art regional model, the Weather Research and Forecasting
(WRF) model (Skamarock et al., 2008) coupled with a chemistry component
(Chem)
(Grell et al., 2005), is coupled with the snow, ice, and aerosol radiative
(SNICAR)
model that includes the most sophisticated representation of snow
metamorphism processes available for climate study. The coupled model is
used to simulate black carbon (BC) and dust concentrations and their
radiative forcing in seasonal snow over North China in January–February of
2010, with extensive field measurements used to evaluate the model
performance. In general, the model simulated spatial variability of BC and
dust mass concentrations in the top snow layer (hereafter BCS and DSTS,
respectively) are consistent with observations. The model generally
moderately underestimates BCS in the clean regions but significantly
overestimates BCS in some polluted regions. Most model results fall within
the uncertainty ranges of observations. The simulated BCS and DSTS are
highest with > 5000 ng g−1 and up to 5 mg g−1,
respectively, over the source regions and reduce to < 50 ng g−1
and < 1 μg g−1, respectively, in the remote regions. BCS
and DSTS introduce a similar magnitude of radiative warming
(~ 10 W m−2) in the snowpack, which is comparable to the magnitude of
surface radiative cooling due to BC and dust in the atmosphere. This study
represents an effort in using a regional modeling framework to simulate BC
and dust and their direct radiative forcing in snowpack. Although a variety
of observational data sets have been used to attribute model biases, some
uncertainties in the results remain, which highlights the need for more
observations, particularly concurrent measurements of atmospheric and snow
aerosols and the deposition fluxes of aerosols, in future campaigns. |
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