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| Titel |
Indoor/outdoor relationships and mass closure of quasi-ultrafine, accumulation and coarse particles in Barcelona schools |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Viana, I. Rivas, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, J. Sunyer, M. Álvarez-Pedrerol, L. Bouso, C. Sioutas |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 9 ; Nr. 14, no. 9 (2014-05-07), S.4459-4472 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118683
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-4459-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The mass concentration, chemical composition and sources of quasi-ultrafine
(quasi-UFP, PM0.25), accumulation (PM0.25–2.5) and coarse mode
(PM2.5–10) particles were determined in indoor and outdoor air at 39
schools in Barcelona (Spain). Quasi-UFP mass concentrations measured (25.6 μg m−3
outdoors, 23.4 μg m−3 indoors) are
significantly higher than those reported in other studies, and characterised
by higher carbonaceous and mineral matter contents and a lower proportion of
secondary inorganic ions. Results suggest that quasi-UFPs in Barcelona are
affected by local sources in the schools, mainly human activity (e.g.
organic material from textiles, etc., contributing 23–46% to total
quasi-UFP mass) and playgrounds (in the form of mineral matter, contributing
about 9% to the quasi-UFP mass). The particle size distribution patterns
of toxicologically relevant metals and major aerosol components was
characterised, displaying two modes for most elements and components, and
one mode for inorganic salts (ammonium nitrate and sulfate) and elemental
carbon (EC). Regarding metals, Ni and Cr were partitioned mainly in
quasi-UFPs and could thus be of interest for epidemiological studies, given
their high redox properties. Exposure of children to quasi-UFP mass and
chemical species was assessed by comparing the concentrations measured at
urban background and traffic areas schools. Finally, three main indoor
sources across all size fractions were identified by assessing
indoor / outdoor ratios (I / O) of PM species used as their tracers: human
activity (organic material), cleaning products, paints and plastics
(Cl− source), and a metallic mixed source (comprising combinations of
Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, As, V and Cr). Our results support the need to enforce
targeted legislation to determine a minimum "safe" distance between major
roads and newly built schools to reduce exposure to traffic-derived metals
in quasi-UFPs. |
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