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| Titel |
Source apportionment of PM10 in a north-western Europe regional urban background site (Lens, France) using positive matrix factorization and including primary biogenic emissions |
| VerfasserIn |
A. Waked, O. Favez, L. Y. Alleman, C. Piot, J.-E. Petit, T. Delaunay, E. Verlinden, B. Golly, J.-L. Besombes, J.-L. Jaffrezo, E. Leoz-Garziandia |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 7 ; Nr. 14, no. 7 (2014-04-03), S.3325-3346 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118561
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-3325-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In this work, the source of ambient particulate matter (PM10) collected
over a one-year period at an urban background site in Lens (France) was
determined and investigated using a positive matrix factorization receptor
model (US EPA PMF v3.0). In addition, a potential source contribution
function (PSCF) was performed by means of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (Hysplit) v4.9 model to assess
prevailing geographical origins of the identified sources. A selective
iteration process was followed for the qualification of the more robust and
meaningful PMF solution. Components measured and used in the PMF included
inorganic and organic species: soluble ionic species, trace elements,
elemental carbon (EC), sugar alcohols, sugar anhydride, and organic carbon
(OC). The mean PM10 concentration measured from March 2011 to March
2012 was about 21 μg m−3 with typically OM, nitrate and sulfate
contributing to most of the mass and accounting respectively for 5.8, 4.5
and 2.3 μg m−3 on a yearly basis. Accordingly, PMF outputs
showed that the main emission sources were (in decreasing order of
contribution) secondary inorganic aerosols (28% of the total PM10
mass), aged marine emissions (19%), with probably predominant
contribution of shipping activities, biomass burning (13%), mineral dust
(13%), primary biogenic emissions (9%), fresh sea salts (8%),
primary traffic emissions (6%) and heavy oil combustion (4%).
Significant temporal variations were observed for most of the identified
sources. In particular, biomass burning emissions were negligible in summer
but responsible for about 25% of total PM10 and 50% of total OC
in wintertime. Conversely, primary biogenic emissions were found to be
negligible in winter but to represent about 20% of total PM10 and
40% of total OC in summer. The latter result calls for more
investigations of primary biogenic aerosols using source apportionment
studies, which quite usually disregard this type of source. This study
further underlines the major influence of secondary processes during
daily threshold exceedances. Finally, apparent discrepancies that could be
generally observed between filter-based studies (such as the present one)
and aerosol mass spectrometer-based PMF analyses (organic fractions) are
also discussed. |
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