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| Titel |
Sourcing the iron in the naturally fertilised bloom around the Kerguelen Plateau: particulate trace metal dynamics |
| VerfasserIn |
P. van der Merwe, A. R. Bowie, F. Quéroué, L. Armand, S. Blain, F. Chever, D. Davies, F. Dehairs, F. Planchon, G. Sarthou, A. T. Townsend, T. W. Trull |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 12, no. 3 ; Nr. 12, no. 3 (2015-02-06), S.739-755 |
| Datensatznummer |
250117801
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-12-739-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The KEOPS2 project aims to elucidate the role of natural Fe fertilisation on
biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, including quantifying the
sources and processes by which iron is delivered in the vicinity of the
Kerguelen Archipelago, Southern Ocean. The KEOPS2 process study used an
upstream high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC), deep water (2500 m), reference station to compare with a
shallow (500 m), strongly fertilised plateau station and continued the
observations to a downstream, bathymetrically trapped recirculation of the
Polar Front where eddies commonly form and persist for hundreds of
kilometres into the Southern Ocean. Over the Kerguelen Plateau, mean
particulate (1–53 μm) Fe and Al concentrations (pFe = 13.4 nM, pAl = 25.2 nM)
were more than 20-fold higher than at an offshore
(lower-productivity) reference station (pFe = 0.53 nM, pAl = 0.83 nM).
In comparison, over the plateau dissolved Fe levels were only elevated by a
factor of ~ 2. Over the Kerguelen Plateau, ratios of pMn / pAl
and pFe / pAl resemble basalt, likely originating from glacial/fluvial inputs
into shallow coastal waters. In downstream, offshore deep-waters, higher
pFe / pAl, and pMn / pAl ratios were observed, suggesting loss of lithogenic
material accompanied by retention of pFe and pMn. Biological uptake of
dissolved Fe and Mn and conversion into the biogenic particulate fraction or
aggregation of particulate metals onto bioaggregates also increased these
ratios further in surface waters as the bloom developed within the
recirculation structure. While resuspension of shelf sediments is likely to
be one of the important mechanisms of Fe fertilisation over the plateau,
fluvial and glacial sources appear to be important to areas downstream of
the island. Vertical profiles within an offshore recirculation feature
associated with the Polar Front show pFe and pMn levels that were 6-fold and
3.5-fold lower, respectively, than over the plateau in surface waters, though
still 3.6-fold and 1.7-fold higher respectively than the reference station.
Within the recirculation feature, strong depletions of pFe and pMn were
observed in the remnant winter water (temperature-minimum) layer near 175 m,
with higher values above and below this depth. The correspondence between
the pFe minima and the winter water temperature minima implies a seasonal
cycle is involved in the supply of pFe into the fertilised region. This
observed association is indicative of reduced supply in winter, which is
counterintuitive if sediment resuspension and entrainment within the mixed
layer is the primary fertilising mechanism to the downstream recirculation
structure. Therefore, we hypothesise that lateral transport of pFe from
shallow coastal waters is strong in spring, associated with snow melt and
increased runoff due to rainfall, drawdown through summer and reduced supply
in winter when snowfall and freezing conditions predominate in the Kerguelen
region. |
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