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| Titel |
SPARTAN: a global network to evaluate and enhance satellite-based estimates of ground-level particulate matter for global health applications |
| VerfasserIn |
G. Snider, C. L. Weagle, R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, K. Conrad, D. Cunningham, C. Gordon, M. Zwicker, C. Akoshile, P. Artaxo, N. X. Anh, J. Brook, J. Dong, R. M. Garland, R. Greenwald, D. Griffith, K. He, B. N. Holben, R. Kahn, I. Koren, N. Lagrosas, P. Lestari, Z. Ma, J. Vanderlei Martins, E. J. Quel, Y. Rudich, A. Salam, S. N. Tripathi, C. Yu, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Brauer, A. Cohen, M. D. Gibson, Y. Liu |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1867-1381
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ; 8, no. 1 ; Nr. 8, no. 1 (2015-01-30), S.505-521 |
| Datensatznummer |
250116070
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/amt-8-505-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Ground-based observations have insufficient spatial coverage to assess
long-term human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the
global scale. Satellite remote sensing offers a promising approach to
provide information on both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 at
local-to-global scales, but there are limitations and outstanding questions
about the accuracy and precision with which ground-level aerosol mass
concentrations can be inferred from satellite remote sensing alone. A key
source of uncertainty is the global distribution of the relationship between
annual average PM2.5 and discontinuous satellite observations of
columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). We have initiated a global network of
ground-level monitoring stations designed to evaluate and enhance satellite
remote sensing estimates for application in health-effects research and risk
assessment. This Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) includes a
global federation of ground-level monitors of hourly PM2.5 situated
primarily in highly populated regions and collocated with existing
ground-based sun photometers that measure AOD. The instruments, a
three-wavelength nephelometer and impaction filter sampler for both
PM2.5 and PM10, are highly autonomous. Hourly PM2.5
concentrations are inferred from the combination of weighed filters and
nephelometer data. Data from existing networks were used to develop and
evaluate network sampling characteristics. SPARTAN filters are analyzed for
mass, black carbon, water-soluble ions, and metals. These measurements
provide, in a variety of regions around the world, the key data required to
evaluate and enhance satellite-based PM2.5 estimates used for assessing
the health effects of aerosols. Mean PM2.5 concentrations across sites
vary by more than 1 order of magnitude. Our initial measurements indicate
that the ratio of AOD to ground-level PM2.5 is driven temporally and
spatially by the vertical profile in aerosol scattering. Spatially this
ratio is also strongly influenced by the mass scattering efficiency. |
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