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| Titel |
Rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – laboratory experiments |
| VerfasserIn |
E. Rabiei, U. Haberlandt, M. Sester, D. Fitzner |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 17, no. 11 ; Nr. 17, no. 11 (2013-11-28), S.4701-4712 |
| Datensatznummer |
250086007
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-17-4701-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The spatial assessment of short time-step precipitation is a challenging
task. Low density of observation networks, as well as the bias in radar
rainfall estimation motivated the new idea of exploiting cars as moving rain
gauges with windshield wipers or optical sensors as measurement devices. In
a preliminary study, this idea has been tested with computer experiments
(Haberlandt and Sester, 2010). The results have shown that
a high number of possibly inaccurate measurement devices (moving cars)
provide more reliable areal rainfall estimations than a lower number of
precise measurement devices (stationary gauges). Instead of assuming a
relationship between wiper frequency (W) and rainfall intensity (R) with an
arbitrary error, the main objective of this study is to derive valid W–R
relationships between sensor readings and rainfall intensity by laboratory
experiments. Sensor readings involve the wiper speed, as well as optical
sensors which can be placed on cars and are usually made for automating
wiper activities. A rain simulator with the capability of producing a wide
range of rainfall intensities is designed and constructed. The wiper speed
and two optical sensors are used in the laboratory to measure rainfall
intensities, and compare it with tipping bucket readings as reference.
Furthermore, the effect of the car speed on the estimation of rainfall using
a car speed simulator device is investigated. The results show that the
sensor readings, which are observed from manual wiper speed adjustment
according to the front visibility, can be considered as a strong indicator
for rainfall intensity, while the automatic wiper adjustment show weaker
performance. Also the sensor readings from optical sensors showed promising
results toward measuring rainfall rate. It is observed that the car speed
has a significant effect on the rainfall measurement. This effect is highly
dependent on the rain type as well as the windshield angle. |
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