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| Titel |
Historic maps as a data source for socio-hydrology: a case study of the Lake Balaton wetland system, Hungary |
| VerfasserIn |
A. Zlinszky, G. Timár |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 17, no. 11 ; Nr. 17, no. 11 (2013-11-20), S.4589-4606 |
| Datensatznummer |
250086000
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-17-4589-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
Socio-hydrology is the science of human influence on hydrology and the
influence of the water cycle on human social systems. This newly emerging
discipline inherently involves a historic perspective, often focusing on
timescales of several centuries. While data on human history is typically
available for this time frame, gathering information on the hydrological
situation during such a period can prove difficult: measured hydrological
data for such long periods are rare, while models and secondary data sets
from geomorphology, pedology or archaeology are typically not accurate
enough over such a short time. In the first part of this study, the use of
historic maps in hydrology is reviewed. Major breakthroughs were the
acceptance of historic map content as valid data, the use of preserved
features for investigating situations earlier than the map, and the onset of
digital georeferencing and data integration. Historic maps can be primary
quantitative sources of hydro-geomorphological information, they can provide
a context for point-based measurements over larger areas, and they can
deliver time series for a better understanding of change scenarios.
In the second part, a case study is presented: water level fluctuations of
Lake Balaton were reconstructed from maps, levelling logs and other
documents. An 18th century map system of the whole 5700 km2
catchment was georeferenced, integrated with two 19th century map
systems, and wetlands, forests and open water digitized. Changes in wetland
area were compared with lake water level changes in a 220 yr time series.
Historic maps show that the water level of the lake was closer to
present-day levels than expected, and that wetland loss pre-dates drainage
of the lake.
The present and future role of historic maps is discussed. Historic
hydrological data has to be treated with caution: while it is possible to
learn form the past, the assumption that future changes will be like past
changes does not always hold. Nevertheless, old maps are relatively
accessible data sets and the knowledge base for using them is rapidly
growing, and it can be expected that long-term time series will be
established by integrating georeferenced map systems over large areas.
In the Appendix, a step-by-step guide to using historic maps in hydrology is
given, starting from finding a map, through georeferencing and processing
the map to publication of the results. |
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