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| Titel |
Household water use and conservation models using Monte Carlo techniques |
| VerfasserIn |
R. Cahill, J. R. Lund, B. DeOreo, J. Medellín-Azuara |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 17, no. 10 ; Nr. 17, no. 10 (2013-10-15), S.3957-3967 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085957
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-17-3957-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The increased availability of end use measurement studies allows for
mechanistic and detailed approaches to estimating household water demand and
conservation potential. This study simulates water use in a single-family
residential neighborhood using end-water-use parameter probability
distributions generated from Monte Carlo sampling. This model represents
existing water use conditions in 2010 and is calibrated to 2006–2011 metered
data. A two-stage mixed integer optimization model is then developed to
estimate the least-cost combination of long- and short-term conservation
actions for each household. This least-cost conservation model provides an
estimate of the upper bound of reasonable conservation potential for varying
pricing and rebate conditions. The models were adapted from previous work in
Jordan and are applied to a neighborhood in San Ramon, California in the
eastern San Francisco Bay Area. The existing conditions model produces
seasonal use results very close to the metered data. The least-cost
conservation model suggests clothes washer rebates are among most
cost-effective rebate programs for indoor uses. Retrofit of faucets and
toilets is also cost-effective and holds the highest potential for water
savings from indoor uses. This mechanistic modeling approach can improve
understanding of water demand and estimate cost-effectiveness of water
conservation programs. |
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