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| Titel |
The global impact of the transport sectors on atmospheric aerosol: simulations for year 2000 emissions |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Righi, J. Hendricks, R. Sausen |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 19 ; Nr. 13, no. 19 (2013-10-09), S.9939-9970 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085740
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-9939-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| We use the EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) global model with the aerosol
module MADE (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe, adapted for global applications) to quantify the impact of transport
emissions (land transport, shipping and aviation) on the global aerosol. We
consider a present-day (2000) scenario according to the CMIP5 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) emission
data set developed in support of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Fifth Assessment Report. The model
takes into account particle mass and number emissions: The latter are derived
from mass emissions under different assumptions on the size distribution of
particles emitted by the three transport sectors. Additional sensitivity
experiments are performed to quantify the effects of the uncertainties behind
such assumptions. The model simulations show that the impact of the transport
sectors closely matches the emission patterns. Land transport is the most
important source of black carbon (BC) pollution in the USA, Europe and the Arabian
Peninsula, contributing up to 60–70% of the total surface-level BC
concentration in these regions. Shipping contributes about 40–60% of
the total aerosol sulfate surface-level concentration along the
most-traveled routes of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific oceans,
with a significant impact (~ 10–20%) along the coastlines. Aviation
mostly affects aerosol number, contributing about 30–40% of the
particle number concentration in the northern midlatitudes' upper troposphere
(7–12 km), although significant effects are also simulated at the
ground, due to the emissions from landing and take-off cycles. The
transport-induced perturbations to the particle number concentrations are
very sensitive to the assumptions on the size distribution of emitted
particles, with the largest uncertainties (about one order of magnitude)
obtained for the land transport sector. The simulated climate impacts, due to
aerosol direct and indirect effects, are strongest for the shipping sector,
in the range of −222.0 to −153.3 mW m−2,
as a consequence of the large impact of sulfate aerosol on low marine clouds and their optical properties. |
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