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| Titel |
Multiannual changes of CO2 emissions in China: indirect estimates derived from satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns |
| VerfasserIn |
E. V. Berezin, I. B. Konovalov, P. Ciais, A. Richter, S. Tao, G. Janssens-Maenhout, M. Beekmann, E.-D. Schulze |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 18 ; Nr. 13, no. 18 (2013-09-25), S.9415-9438 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085708
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-9415-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Multiannual satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 columns are
used for evaluation of CO2 emission changes in China in the period
from 1996 to 2008. Indirect top-down annual estimates of CO2
emissions are derived from the satellite NO2 column measurements by
means of a simple inverse modeling procedure involving simulations performed
with the CHIMERE mesoscale chemistry–transport model and
the CO2-to-NOx emission ratios from the Emission Database for
Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) global anthropogenic emission inventory
and Regional Emission Inventory in Asia (REAS). Exponential trends in
the normalized time series of annual emissions are evaluated separately for
the periods from 1996 to 2001 and from 2001 to 2008. The results indicate
that the both periods manifest strong positive trends in the CO2
emissions, and that the trend in the second period was significantly larger
than the trend in the first period. Specifically, the trends in the first and
second periods are best estimated to be in the range from 3.7 to 8.3 and from
11.0 to 13.2% per year, respectively, taking into account statistical
uncertainties and differences between the CO2-to-NOx emission
ratios from the EDGAR and REAS inventories. Comparison of our indirect
top-down estimates of the CO2 emission changes with the corresponding
bottom-up estimates provided by the EDGAR (version 4.2) and Global Carbon
Project (GCP) glomal emission inventories reveals that while acceleration of
the CO2 emission growth in the considered period is a common feature
of both kinds of estimates, nonlinearity in the CO2 emission
changes may be strongly exaggerated in the global emission inventories.
Specifically, the atmospheric NO2 observations do not confirm
the existence of a sharp bend in the emission inventory data time series in
the period from 2000 to 2002. A significant quantitative difference is
revealed between the bottom-up and indirect top-down estimates of
the CO2 emission trend in the period from 1996 to 2001 (specifically,
the trend was not positive according to the global emission inventories, but
is strongly positive in our estimates). These results confirm the findings of
earlier studies that indicated probable large uncertainties in the energy
production and other activity data for China from international energy
statistics used as the input information in the global emission inventories.
For the period from 2001 to 2008, some quantitative differences between
the different kinds of estimates are found to be in the range of
possible
systematic uncertainties associated with our estimation method. In general,
satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2 are shown to be a useful
source of information on CO2 sources collocated with sources of
nitrogen oxides; the corresponding potential of these measurements should be
exploited further in future studies. |
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