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| Titel |
Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures |
| VerfasserIn |
A.-L. Agnalt, E. S. Grefsrud, E. Farestveit, M. Larsen, F. Keulder |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 10, no. 12 ; Nr. 10, no. 12 (2013-12-04), S.7883-7895 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085455
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-10-7883-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The ongoing warming and acidification of the world's oceans are expected to
influence the marine ecosystems, including benthic marine resources. Ocean
acidification may especially have an impact on calcifying organisms, and the
European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is among those species at risk.
A project was initiated in 2011 aiming to investigate long-term effects of
ocean acidification on the early life-cycle of lobster under two
temperatures. Larvae were exposed to pCO2 levels of ambient water
(water intake at 90 m depth), medium 750 (pH = 7.79) and high
1200 μatm pCO2 (pH = 7.62) at temperatures 10 and
18 °C. The water parameters in ambient water did not stay stable and
were very low towards the end of the experiment in the larval phase at
10 °C,with pH between 7.83 and 7.90. At 18°, pH in ambient
treatment was even lower, between 7.76 and 7.83, i.e. close to medium
pCO2 treatment. Long-term exposure lasted 5 months. At 18 °C
the development from stage 1 to 4 lasted 14 to 16 days, as predicted
under optimal water conditions. Growth was very slow at 10 °C and
resulted in three larvae reaching stage 4 in high pCO2 treatment
only.
There were no clear effects of pCO2 treatment, on either carapace
length or dry weight. However, deformities were observed in both larvae and
juveniles. The proportion of larvae with deformities increased with
increasing pCO2 exposure, independent of temperature. In the medium
treatment about 23% were deformed, and in the high treatment about
43% were deformed. None of the larvae exposed to water of pH >7.9
developed deformities. Curled carapace was the most common deformity found in
larvae raised in medium pCO2 treatment, irrespective of temperature,
but damages in the tail fan occurred in addition to a bent rostrum. Curled
carapace was the only deformity found in high pCO2 treatment at both
temperatures. Occurrence of deformities after five months of exposure was 33
and 44% in juveniles raised in ambient and low pCO2 levels,
respectively, and 21% in juveniles exposed to high pCO2. Deformed
claws were most often found in ambient and medium treatment (56%,
followed by stiff/twisted walking legs (39%) and puffy carapace
(39%). In comparison, at high pCO2 levels 71% of the deformed
juveniles had developed a puffy carapace. Overall, about half of the
deformed juveniles from the ambient and medium pCO2 treatment
displayed two or three different abnormalities; 70% had multiple
deformities in the high pCO2 treatment. Some of the deformities in the
juveniles may affect respiration (carapace), the ability to find food, or sexual
partners (walking legs, claw and antenna), and ability to swim (tail-fan
damages). |
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