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| Titel |
Incorporating grassland management in ORCHIDEE: model description and evaluation at 11 eddy-covariance sites in Europe |
| VerfasserIn |
J. F. Chang, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, P. Ciais, T. Wang, A. Cozic, R. Lardy, A.-I. Graux, K. Klumpp, R. Martin, J.-F. Soussana |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1991-959X
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 6, no. 6 ; Nr. 6, no. 6 (2013-12-20), S.2165-2181 |
| Datensatznummer |
250085027
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-6-2165-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| This study describes how management of grasslands is included in the
Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) process-based ecosystem model designed for large-scale
applications, and how management affects modeled grassland–atmosphere
CO2 fluxes. The new model, ORCHIDEE-GM (grassland management) is
enabled with a management module inspired from a grassland model (PaSim,
version 5.0), with two grassland management practices being considered,
cutting and grazing. The evaluation of the results from
ORCHIDEE compared with those of ORCHIDEE-GM at 11 European sites, equipped
with eddy covariance and biometric measurements, shows that ORCHIDEE-GM can
realistically capture the cut-induced seasonal variation in biometric
variables (LAI: leaf area index; AGB: aboveground biomass) and in CO2
fluxes (GPP: gross primary productivity; TER: total ecosystem respiration;
and NEE: net ecosystem exchange). However, improvements at grazing sites are only
marginal in ORCHIDEE-GM due to the difficulty in accounting for
continuous grazing disturbance and its induced complex animal–vegetation
interactions. Both NEE and GPP on monthly to annual timescales can be better
simulated in ORCHIDEE-GM than in ORCHIDEE without management. For annual
CO2 fluxes, the NEE bias and RMSE (root mean square error) in ORCHIDEE-GM are reduced by 53%
and 20%, respectively, compared to ORCHIDEE. ORCHIDEE-GM is capable of
modeling the net carbon balance (NBP) of managed temperate grasslands (37
± 30 gC m−2 yr−1 (P < 0.01) over the 11 sites)
because the management module contains provisions to simulate the carbon fluxes of forage
yield, herbage consumption, animal respiration and methane emissions. |
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