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| Titel |
Automated field detection of rock fracturing, microclimate, and diurnal rock temperature and strain fields |
| VerfasserIn |
K. Warren, M.-C. Eppes, S. Swami, J. Garbini, J. Putkonen |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
2193-0856
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems ; 2, no. 2 ; Nr. 2, no. 2 (2013-11-27), S.275-288 |
| Datensatznummer |
250084926
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gi-2-275-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The rates and processes that lead to non-tectonic rock fracture on
Earth's surface are widely debated but poorly understood. Few, if any,
studies have made the direct observations of rock fracturing under natural
conditions that are necessary to directly address this problem. An
instrumentation design that enables concurrent high spatial and temporal
monitoring resolution of (1) diurnal environmental conditions of a natural
boulder and its surroundings in addition to (2) the fracturing of that
boulder under natural full-sun exposure is described herein. The surface of
a fluvially transported granite boulder was instrumented with (1) six
acoustic emission (AE) sensors that record micro-crack associated, elastic
wave-generated activity within the three-dimensional space of the boulder,
(2) eight rectangular rosette foil strain gages to measure surface strain,
(3) eight thermocouples to measure surface temperature, and (4) one surface
moisture sensor. Additionally, a soil moisture probe and a full weather
station that measures ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed,
wind direction, barometric pressure, insolation, and precipitation were
installed adjacent to the test boulder. AE activity was continuously
monitored by one logger while all other variables were acquired by a
separate logger every 60 s. The protocols associated with the
instrumentation, data acquisition, and analysis are discussed in detail.
During the first four months, the deployed boulder experienced almost 12 000 AE
events, the majority of which occur in the afternoon when temperatures
are decreasing. This paper presents preliminary data that illustrates data
validity and typical patterns and behaviors observed. This system offers the
potential to (1) obtain an unprecedented record of the natural conditions
under which rocks fracture and (2) decipher the mechanical processes that
lead to rock fracture at a variety of temporal scales under a range of
natural conditions. |
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