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| Titel |
Source apportionment of fine PM and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a regional background site in the western Mediterranean: a 2.5 year study |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Cusack, N. Pérez, J. Pey, A. Alastuey, X. Querol |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 10 ; Nr. 13, no. 10 (2013-05-22), S.5173-5187 |
| Datensatznummer |
250018664
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-5173-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The chemical composition and sources of ambient fine particulate matter
(PM1) over a period of 2.5 years for a regional background site in the
western Mediterranean are presented in this work. Furthermore, sub-micron
particle number concentrations and the sources of these particles are also
presented. The mean PM1 concentration for the measurement period was
8.9 μg m−3, with organic matter (OM) and sulphate comprising
most of the mass (3.2 and 1.5 μg m−3 respectively). Six sources
were identified in PM1 by Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF): secondary
organic aerosol, secondary nitrate, industrial, traffic + biomass burning,
fuel oil combustion and secondary sulphate. Typically anthropogenic sources
displayed elevated concentrations during the week with reductions at
weekends. Nitrate levels were elevated in winter and negligible in summer,
whereas secondary sulphate levels underwent a contrasting seasonal evolution
with highest concentrations in summer, similar to the fuel oil combustion
source. The SOA source was influenced by episodes of sustained pollution as
a result of anticyclonic conditions occurring during winter, giving rise to
thermal inversions and the accumulation of pollutants in the mixing layer.
Increased levels in summer were owing to higher biogenic emissions and
regional recirculation of air masses. The industrial source decreased in
August due to decreased emissions during the vacation period. Increases in
the traffic + biomass burning source were recorded in January, April and
October, which were attributed to the occurrence of the aforementioned
pollution episodes and local biomass burning emission sources, which include
agriculture and domestic heating systems. Average particle number
concentrations (N9-825 nm) from 5/11/2010 to 01/06/2011 and from
15/10/2011 to 18/12/2011 reached 3097 cm−3. Five emission sources of
particle of sub-micron particles were determined by Principal Component
Analysis (PCA); industrial + traffic + biomass burning, new particle
formation + growth, secondary sulphate + fuel oil combustion, crustal
material and secondary nitrate. The new particle formation + growth source
dominated the particle number concentration (56% of total particle number
concentration), especially for particles < 100 nm, followed by
industrial + traffic + biomass burning (13%). Secondary sulphate +
fuel oil combustion (8%), nitrate (9%) and crustal material (2%)
were dominant for particles of larger diameter (> 100 nm) and
thus did not influence the particle number concentration significantly. |
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