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| Titel |
Sporadic aurorae observed in East Asia |
| VerfasserIn |
D. M. Willis, F. R. Stephenson, Huiping Fang |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
0992-7689
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Annales Geophysicae ; 25, no. 2 ; Nr. 25, no. 2 (2007-03-08), S.417-436 |
| Datensatznummer |
250015788
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/angeo-25-417-2007.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| All the accessible auroral observations recorded in
Chinese and Japanese histories during the interval AD 1840–1911 are
investigated in detail. Most of these auroral records have never been
translated into a Western language before. The East Asian auroral reports
provide information on the date and approximate location of each auroral
observation, together with limited scientific information on the
characteristics of the auroral luminosity such as colour, duration, extent,
position in the sky and approximate time of occurrence. The full
translations of the original Chinese and Japanese auroral records are
presented in an appendix, which contains bibliographic details of the
various historical sources. (There are no known reliable Korean observations
during this interval.) A second appendix discusses a few implausible
"auroral" records, which have been rejected. The salient scientific
properties of all exactly dated and reliable East Asian auroral observations
in the interval AD 1840–1911 are summarised succinctly. By comparing the
relevant scientific information on exactly dated auroral observations with
the lists of great geomagnetic storms compiled by the Royal Greenwich
Observatory, and also the tabulated values of the Ak (Helsinki) and aa (Greenwich
and Melbourne) magnetic indices, it is found that 5 of the great geomagnetic
storms (aa>150 or Ak>50) during either the second half of the nineteenth
century or the first decade of the twentieth century are clearly identified
by extensive auroral displays observed in China or Japan. Indeed, two of
these great storms produced auroral displays observed in both countries on
the same night. Conversely, at least 29 (69%) of the 42 Chinese and
Japanese auroral observations occurred at times of weak-to-moderate
geomagnetic activity (aa or Ak≤50). It is shown that these latter auroral
displays are very similar to the more numerous (about 50) examples of
sporadic aurorae observed in the United States during the interval AD 1880–1940.
The localised nature and spatial structure of some sporadic aurorae
observed in East Asia is indicated by the use of descriptive terms such as
"lightning", "rainbow", "streak" and "grid". |
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