 |
| Titel |
Frequency distributions: from the sun to the earth |
| VerfasserIn |
N. B. Crosby |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1023-5809
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics ; 18, no. 6 ; Nr. 18, no. 6 (2011-11-04), S.791-805 |
| Datensatznummer |
250013994
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/npg-18-791-2011.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| The space environment is forever changing on all spatial and temporal scales.
Energy releases are observed in numerous dynamic phenomena (e.g. solar
flares, coronal mass ejections, solar energetic particle events) where
measurements provide signatures of the dynamics. Parameters (e.g. peak count
rate, total energy released, etc.) describing these phenomena are found to
have frequency size distributions that follow power-law behavior. Natural
phenomena on Earth, such as earthquakes and landslides, display similar
power-law behavior. This suggests an underlying universality in nature and
poses the question of whether the distribution of energy is the same for all
these phenomena. Frequency distributions provide constraints for models that
aim to simulate the physics and statistics observed in the individual
phenomenon. The concept of self-organized criticality (SOC), also known as
the "avalanche concept", was introduced by Bak et al. (1987, 1988), to
characterize the behavior of dissipative systems that contain a large number
of elements interacting over a short range. The systems evolve to a critical
state in which a minor event starts a chain reaction that can affect any
number of elements in the system. It is found that frequency distributions of
the output parameters from the chain reaction taken over a period of time can
be represented by power-laws. During the last decades SOC has been debated
from all angles. New SOC models, as well as non-SOC models have been proposed
to explain the power-law behavior that is observed. Furthermore, since Bak's
pioneering work in 1987, people have searched for signatures of SOC
everywhere. This paper will review how SOC behavior has become one way of
interpreting the power-law behavior observed in natural occurring phenomenon
in the Sun down to the Earth. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|