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| Titel |
Atmospheric impacts of the 2010 Russian wildfires: integrating modelling and measurements of an extreme air pollution episode in the Moscow region |
| VerfasserIn |
I. B. Konovalov, M. Beekmann, I. N. Kuznetsova, A. Yurova, A. M. Zvyagintsev |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 19 ; Nr. 11, no. 19 (2011-10-04), S.10031-10056 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010110
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-10031-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Numerous wildfires provoked by an unprecedented intensive heat wave
caused continuous episodes of extreme air pollution in several
Russian cities and densely populated regions, including the Moscow
region. This paper analyzes the evolution of the surface
concentrations of CO, PM10 and ozone over the Moscow region
during the 2010 heat wave by integrating available ground based and
satellite measurements with results of a mesoscale model. The
CHIMERE chemistry transport model is used and modified to include
the wildfire emissions of primary pollutants and the shielding
effect of smoke aerosols on photolysis. The wildfire emissions are
derived from satellite measurements of the fire radiative power and
are optimized by assimilating data of ground measurements of carbon
monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) into the model. It
is demonstrated that the optimized simulations reproduce independent
observations, which were withheld during the optimisation procedure,
quite adequately (specifically, the correlation coefficient of daily
time series of CO and PM10 exceeds 0.8) and that inclusion of
the fire emissions into the model significantly improves its
performance. The model results show that wildfires are the principal
factor causing the observed air pollution episode associated with
the extremely high levels of daily mean CO and PM10
concentrations (up to 10 mg m−3 and
700 μg m−3 in the averages over available monitoring
sites, respectively), although accumulation of anthropogenic
pollution was also favoured by a stagnant meteorological situation.
Indeed, ozone concentrations were simulated to be episodically very
large (>400 μg m−3) even when fire emissions were
omitted in the model. It was found that fire emissions increased
ozone production by providing precursors for ozone formation (mainly
VOC), but also inhibited the photochemistry by absorbing and
scattering solar radiation. In contrast, diagnostic model runs
indicate that ozone concentrations could reach very high values even
without fire emissions which provide "fuel" for ozone formation,
but, at the same time, inhibit it as a result of absorption and
scattering of solar radiation by smoke aerosols. A comparison of
MOPITT CO measurements and corresponding simulations indicates that
the observed episodes of extreme air pollution in Moscow were only a
part of a very strong perturbation of the atmospheric composition,
caused by wildfires, over European Russia. It is estimated that 2010
fires in this region emitted ~10 Tg CO, thus more than 85%
of the total annual anthropogenic CO emissions. About 30% of total
CO fire emissions in European Russia are identified as emissions
from peat fires. |
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