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| Titel |
Variations in time and space of trace metal aerosol concentrations in urban areas and their surroundings |
| VerfasserIn |
T. Moreno, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, C. Reche, M. Cusack, F. Amato, M. Pandolfi, J. Pey, A. Richard, A. S. H. Prévôt, M. Furger, W. Gibbons |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 17 ; Nr. 11, no. 17 (2011-09-12), S.9415-9430 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010071
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-9415-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Using an unprecedentedly large geochemical database, we compare temporal and
spatial variations in inhalable trace metal background concentrations in a
major city (Barcelona, Spain) and at a nearby mountainous site (Montseny)
affected by the urban plume. Both sites are contaminated by technogenic
metals, with V, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sn, Bi, Sb and Cd all showing upper
continental crust (UCC) normalised values >1 in broadly increasing order.
The highest metal concentrations usually occur during winter at Barcelona
and summer in Montseny. This seasonal difference was especially marked at
the remote mountain site in several elements such as Ti and Rare Earth
Elements, which recorded campaign maxima, exceeding PM10 concentrations seen
in Barcelona. The most common metals were Zn, Ti, Cu, Mn, Pb and V. Both V
and Ni show highest concentrations in summer, and preferentially fractionate
into the finest PM sizes (PM1/PM10 > 0.5) especially in Barcelona, this
being attributed to regionally dispersed contamination from fuel oil
combustion point sources. Within the city, hourly metal concentrations are
controlled either by traffic (rush hour double peak for Cu, Sb, Sn, Ba) or
industrial plumes (morning peak of Ni, Mn, Cr generated outside the city
overnight), whereas at Montseny metal concentrations rise during the morning
to a single, prolonged afternoon peak as contaminated air transported by the
sea breeze moves into the mountains. Our exceptional database, which
includes hourly measurements of chemical concentrations, demonstrates in
more detail than previous studies the spatial and temporal variability of
urban pollution by trace metals in a given city. Technogenic metalliferous
aerosols are commonly fine in size and therefore potentially bioavailable,
emphasising the case for basing urban background PM characterisation not
only on physical parameters such as mass but also on sample chemistry and
with special emphasis on trace metal content. |
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