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| Titel |
NASA A-Train and Terra observations of the 2010 Russian wildfires |
| VerfasserIn |
J. C. Witte, A. R. Douglass, A. Silva, O. Torres, R. Levy, B. N. Duncan |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 17 ; Nr. 11, no. 17 (2011-09-08), S.9287-9301 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010063
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-9287-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Wildfires raged throughout western Russia and parts of Eastern Europe during
a persistent heat wave in the summer of 2010. Anomalously high surface
temperatures (35–41 °C) and low relative humidity (9–25 %) from
mid-June to mid-August 2010 shown by analysis of radiosonde data from
multiple sites in western Russia were ideal conditions for the wildfires to
thrive. Measurements of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) over western Russian indicate persistent
subsidence during the heat wave. Daily three-day back-trajectories initiated
over Moscow reveal a persistent anti-cyclonic circulation for 18 days in
August, coincident with the most intense period of fire activity observed by
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This unfortunate
meteorological coincidence allowed transport of polluted air from the region
of intense fires to Moscow and the surrounding area. We demonstrate that the
2010 Russian wildfires are unique in the record of observations obtained by
remote-sensing instruments on-board NASA satellites: Aura and Aqua (part of
the A-Train Constellation) and Terra. Analysis of the distribution of MODIS
fire products and aerosol optical thickness (AOT), UV aerosol index (AI) and
single-scattering albedo (SSA) from Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument
(OMI), and total column carbon monoxide (CO) from Aqua's Atmospheric
Infrared Sounder (AIRS) show that the region in the center of western Russia
surrounding Moscow (52°–58° N, 33°–43° E) is most
severely impacted by wildfire emissions. Over this area, AIRS CO, OMI AI,
and MODIS AOT are significantly enhanced relative to the historical
satellite record during the first 18 days in August when the anti-cyclonic
circulation persisted. By mid-August, the anti-cyclonic circulation was
replaced with westerly transport over Moscow and vicinity. The heat wave
ended as anomalies of surface temperature and relative humidity, and OLR
disappeared. After 18 August the fire activity greatly diminished over
western Russia and levels of the satellite smoke tracers returned to values
typical of previous years. |
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