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| Titel |
Characterization of aerosol chemical composition with aerosol mass spectrometry in Central Europe: an overview |
| VerfasserIn |
V. A. Lanz, A. S. H. Prévôt, M. R. Alfarra, S. Weimer, C. Mohr, P. F. DeCarlo, M. F. D. Gianini, C. Hueglin, J. Schneider, O. Favez, B. D'Anna, C. George, U. Baltensperger |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 10, no. 21 ; Nr. 10, no. 21 (2010-11-08), S.10453-10471 |
| Datensatznummer |
250008877
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-10-10453-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
Real-time measurements of non-refractory submicron aerosols (NR-PM1)
were conducted within the greater Alpine region (Switzerland, Germany,
Austria, France and Liechtenstein) during several week-long field campaigns
in 2002–2009. This region represents one of the most important economic and
recreational spaces in Europe. A large variety of sites was covered including
urban backgrounds, motorways, rural, remote, and high-alpine stations, and
also mobile on-road measurements were performed. Inorganic and organic
aerosol (OA) fractions were determined by means of aerosol mass spectrometry
(AMS). The data originating from 13 different field campaigns and the
combined data have been utilized for providing an improved temporal and
spatial data coverage.
The average mass concentration of NR-PM1 for the different campaigns
typically ranged between 10 and 30 μg m−3. Overall, the
organic portion was most abundant, ranging from 36% to 81% of
NR-PM1. Other main constituents comprised ammonium (5–15%), nitrate
(8–36%), sulfate (3–26%), and chloride (0–5%). These latter
anions were, on average, fully neutralized by ammonium. As a major result,
time of the year (winter vs. summer) and location of the site (Alpine valleys
vs. Plateau) could largely explain the variability in aerosol chemical
composition for the different campaigns and were found to be better
descriptors for aerosol composition than the type of site (urban, rural
etc.). Thus, a reassessment of classifications of measurements sites might be
considered in the future, possibly also for other regions of the world.
The OA data was further analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF)
and the multi-linear engine ME (factor analysis) separating the total OA into
its underlying components, such as oxygenated (mostly secondary) organic
aerosol (OOA), hydrocarbon-like and freshly emitted organic aerosol (HOA), as
well as OA from biomass burning (BBOA). OOA was ubiquitous, ranged between
36% and 94% of OA, and could be separated into a low-volatility and a
semi-volatile fraction (LV-OOA and SV-OOA) for all summer campaigns at low
altitude sites. Wood combustion (BBOA) accounted for a considerable fraction
during wintertime (17–49% OA), particularly in narrow Alpine valleys BBOA
was often the most abundant OA component. HOA/OA ratios were comparatively
low for all campaigns (6–16%) with the exception of on-road, mobile
measurements (23%) in the Rhine Valley. The abundance of the aerosol
components and the retrievability of SV-OOA and LV-OOA are discussed in the
light of atmospheric chemistry and physics. |
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