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| Titel |
Numerical simulation and first-order hazard analysis of large co-seismic tsunamis generated in the Puerto Rico trench: near-field impact on the North shore of Puerto Rico and far-field impact on the US East Coast |
| VerfasserIn |
S. T. Grilli, S. Dubosq, N. Pophet, Y. Pérignon, J. T. Kirby, F. Shi |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1561-8633
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 10, no. 10 ; Nr. 10, no. 10 (2010-10-08), S.2109-2125 |
| Datensatznummer |
250008444
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-10-2109-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| We perform numerical simulations of the coastal impact of large co-seismic
tsunamis, initiated in the Puerto Rican trench, both in far-field areas along
the upper US East coast (and other Caribbean islands), and in more detail in
the near-field, along the Puerto Rico North Shore (PRNS). We first model a
magnitude 9.1 extreme co-seismic source and then a smaller 8.7 magnitude
source, which approximately correspond to 600 and 200 year return periods,
respectively. In both cases, tsunami generation and propagation (both near-
and far-field) are first performed in a coarse 2′ basin scale grid, with
ETOPO2 bathymetry, using a fully nonlinear and dispersive long wave tsunami
model (FUNWAVE). Coastal runup and inundation are then simulated for two
selected areas, using finer coastal nested grids. Thus, a 15″ (450 m)
grid is used to calculate detailed far-field impact along the US East Coast,
from New Jersey to Maine, and a 3″ (90 m) grid (for the finest
resolution), encompassing the entire PRNS, is used to compute detailed
near-field impact along the PRNS (runup and inundation). To perform coastal
simulations in nested grids, accurate bathymetry/topography databases are
constructed by combining ETOPO2 2′ data (in deep water) and USGS' or NOAA's
15″ or 3″ (in shallow water) data. In the far-field, runup caused by
the extreme 9.1 source would be severe (over 10 m) for some nearby Caribbean
islands, but would only reach up to 3 m along the selected section of the
East coast. A sensitivity analysis to the bathymetric resolution (for a
constant 3″ model grid) of runup along the PRNS, confirms the convergence
of runup results for a topographic resolution 24″ or better, and thus
stresses the importance of using sufficiently resolved bathymetric data, in
order to accurately predict extreme runup values, particularly when
bathymetric focusing is significant. Runup (10–22 m) and inundation are
found to be very large at most locations for the extreme 9.1 source. Both
simulated spatial inundation snapshots and time series indicate, the
inundation would be particularly severe near and around the low-lying city of
San Juan. For the 8.7 source, runup along the PRNS would be much less severe
(3–6 m), but still significant, while inundation would only be significant
near and around San Juan. This first-order tsunami hazard analysis stresses
the importance of conducting more detailed and comprehensive studies,
particularly of tsunami hazard along the PRNS, for a more complete and
realistic selection of sources; such work is ongoing as part of a US funded
(NTHMP) tsunami inundation mapping effort in Puerto Rico. |
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