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| Titel |
Potential climatic impacts and reliability of very large-scale wind farms |
| VerfasserIn |
C. Wang, R. G. Prinn |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 10, no. 4 ; Nr. 10, no. 4 (2010-02-22), S.2053-2061 |
| Datensatznummer |
250008133
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-10-2053-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Meeting future world energy needs while addressing climate change requires
large-scale deployment of low or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission
technologies such as wind energy. The widespread availability of wind power
has fueled substantial interest in this renewable energy source as one of
the needed technologies. For very large-scale utilization of this resource,
there are however potential environmental impacts, and also problems arising
from its inherent intermittency, in addition to the present need to lower
unit costs. To explore some of these issues, we use a three-dimensional
climate model to simulate the potential climate effects associated with
installation of wind-powered generators over vast areas of land or coastal
ocean. Using wind turbines to meet 10% or more of global energy demand in
2100, could cause surface warming exceeding 1 °C over land
installations. In contrast, surface cooling exceeding 1 °C is computed
over ocean installations, but the validity of simulating the impacts of wind
turbines by simply increasing the ocean surface drag needs further study.
Significant warming or cooling remote from both the land and ocean
installations, and alterations of the global distributions of rainfall and
clouds also occur. These results are influenced by the competing effects of
increases in roughness and decreases in wind speed on near-surface turbulent
heat fluxes, the differing nature of land and ocean surface friction, and
the dimensions of the installations parallel and perpendicular to the
prevailing winds. These results are also dependent on the accuracy of the
model used, and the realism of the methods applied to simulate wind
turbines. Additional theory and new field observations will be required for
their ultimate validation. Intermittency of wind power on daily, monthly and
longer time scales as computed in these simulations and inferred from
meteorological observations, poses a demand for one or more options to
ensure reliability, including backup generation capacity, very long distance
power transmission lines, and onsite energy storage, each with specific
economic and/or technological challenges. |
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