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| Titel |
What can we learn about ship emission inventories from measurements of air pollutants over the Mediterranean Sea? |
| VerfasserIn |
E. Marmer, F. Dentener, J. v. Aardenne, F. Cavalli, E. Vignati, K. Velchev, J. Hjorth, F. Boersma, G. Vinken, N. Mihalopoulos, F. Raes |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 9, no. 18 ; Nr. 9, no. 18 (2009-09-18), S.6815-6831 |
| Datensatznummer |
250007634
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-9-6815-2009.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Ship emission estimates diverge widely for all chemical compounds for several
reasons: use of different methodologies (bottom-up or top-down), activity
data and emission factors can easily result in a difference ranging from a
factor of 1.5 to even an order of magnitude. Combining three sets of
observational data – ozone and black carbon measurements sampled at three
coastal sites and on board of a Mediterranean cruise ship, as well as
satellite observations of atmospheric NO2 column concentration over the
same area – we assess the accuracy of the three most commonly used ship
emission inventories, EDGAR FT (Olivier et al., 2005), emissions described by Eyring et al. (2005)
and emissions reported by EMEP (Vestreng et al., 2007). Our tool
is a global atmospheric chemistry transport model which simulates the
chemical state of the Mediterranean atmosphere applying different ship
emission inventories. The simulated contributions of ships to air pollutant
levels in the Mediterranean atmosphere are significant but strongly depend on
the inventory applied. Close to the major shipping routes relative
contributions vary from 10 to 50% for black carbon and from 2 to 12% for
ozone in the surface layer, as well as from 5 to 20% for nitrogen dioxide
atmospheric column burden. The relative contributions are still significant
over the North African coast, but less so over the South European coast
because densely populated regions with significant human activity contribute
relatively more to air pollution than ships, even if these regions attract a
lot of ship traffic. The observations poorly constrain the ship emission
inventories in the Eastern Mediterranean where the influence of uncertain
land based emissions, the model transport and wet deposition are at least as
important as the signal from ships. In the Western Mediterranean, the
regional EMEP emission inventory gives the best match with most measurements,
followed by Eyring for NO2 and ozone and by EDGAR for black carbon. Given
the uncertainty of the measurements and the model, each of the three emission
inventories could actually be right, implying that large uncertainties in
ship emissions need to be considered for future scenario analysis. |
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