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| Titel |
Distribution and sources of bioaccumulative air pollutants at Mezquital Valley, Mexico, as reflected by the atmospheric plant Tillandsia recurvata L. |
| VerfasserIn |
A. Zambrano García, C. Medina Coyotzin, A. Rojas Amaro, D. López Veneroni, L. Chang Martínez, G. Sosa Iglesias |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 9, no. 17 ; Nr. 9, no. 17 (2009-09-08), S.6479-6494 |
| Datensatznummer |
250007613
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-9-6479-2009.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Mezquital Valley (MV), a Mexican wastewater-based agricultural and industrial
region, is a "hot spot" of regulated air pollutants emissions, but the
concurrent unregulated ones, like hazardous metals and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH), remain undocumented. A biomonitoring survey with the
epiphytic Tillandsia recurvata was conducted there to detect spatial
patterns and potential sources of 20 airborne elements and 15 PAH. The
natural δ13C and δ15N ratios of this plant helped in
source identification. The regional mean concentration of most elements was
two (Cr) to over 40 times (Ni, Pb, V) higher than reported for
Tillandsia in other countries. Eleven elements, pyrene and chrysene
had 18–214% higher mean concentration at the industrial south than at the
agricultural north of MV. The total quantified PAH (mean, 572 ng g−1;
range, 143–2568) were composed by medium (65%, phenanthrene to chrysene),
low (28%, naphthalene to fluorene) and high molecular weight compounds (7%,
Benzo(b)fluoranthene to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene). The
δ13C (mean, −14.6‰; range, −15.7‰ to
−13.7‰) was consistently lower than −15‰ near the major
petroleum combustion sources. The δ15N (mean, −3.0‰; range,
−9.9‰ to 3.3‰) varied from positive at agriculture/industrial
areas to negative at rural sites. Factor analysis provided a five-factor
solution for 74% of the data variance: 1) crustal rocks, 39.5% (Al, Ba, Cu,
Fe, Sr, Ti); 2) soils, 11.3%, contrasting contributions from natural (Mg,
Mn, Zn) and saline agriculture soils (Na); 3) cement production and fossil
fuel combustion, 9.8% (Ca, Ni, V, chrysene, pyrene); 4) probable
agricultural biomass burning, 8.1% (K and benzo(g,h,i)perylene), and 5)
agriculture with wastewater, 5.2% (δ15N and P). These results
indicated high deposition of bioaccumulative air pollutants at MV, especially
at the industrial area. Since T. recurvata reflected the regional
differences in exposition, it is recommended as a biomonitor for comparisons
within and among countries where it is distributed: southern USA to
Argentina. |
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