 |
| Titel |
A nonlinear model coupling rockfall and rainfall intensity based \newline on a four year measurement in a high Alpine rock wall (Reintal, German Alps) |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Krautblatter, Michael Moser |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
Englisch
|
| ISSN |
1561-8633
|
| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 9, no. 4 ; Nr. 9, no. 4 (2009-08-14), S.1425-1432 |
| Datensatznummer |
250006904
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-9-1425-2009.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| A total of more than 140 000 kg of small-magnitude rockfall deposits was
measured in eight rockfall collectors of altogether 940 m2 in size
between 1999–2003 below a 400–600 m high rock face in the Reintal, German
Alps. Measurements were conducted with a temporal resolution up to single
days to attribute rockfall intensity to observed triggering events.
Precipitation was assessed by a rain gauge and high-resolution precipitation
radar. Intense rainstorms triggered previously unreported rockfall
intensities of up to 300 000 g/(m2h) that we term "secondary rockfall
event." In comparison to dry periods without frost (10−2g/(m2h)),
rockfall deposition increased by 2–218 times during wet
freeze-thaw cycles and by 56-thousand to 40-million times during secondary
rockfall events. We obtained three nonlinear logistic growth models that
relate rockfall intensity [g/(m2h)] to rainfall intensity [mm/h]. The
models account for different rock wall intermediate storage volumes,
triggering thresholds and storage depletion. They apply to all rockfall
collector positions with correlations from R2=0.89 to 0.99. Thus, the
timing of more than 90% of the encountered rockfall is explained by the
triggering factor rainfall intensity. A combination of rockfall response
models with radar-supported storm cell forecast could be used to anticipate
hazardous rockfall events, and help to reduce the exposure of individuals
and mobile structures (e.g. cable cars) to the hazard. According to
meteorological recordings, the frequency of these intense rockfall events is
likely to increase in response to global warming. |
| |
|
| Teil von |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|