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| Titel |
Model study of the cross-tropopause transport of biomass burning pollution |
| VerfasserIn |
B. N. Duncan, S. E. Strahan, Y. Yoshida, S. D. Steenrod, N. Livesey |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 7, no. 14 ; Nr. 7, no. 14 (2007-07-17), S.3713-3736 |
| Datensatznummer |
250005134
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-7-3713-2007.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| We present a modeling study of the troposphere-to-stratosphere transport
(TST) of pollution from major biomass burning regions to the tropical upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). TST occurs predominately through
1) slow ascent in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) to the LS and 2)
quasi-horizontal exchange to the lowermost stratosphere (LMS). We show that
biomass burning pollution regularly and significantly impacts the
composition of the TTL, LS, and LMS. Carbon monoxide (CO) in the LS in our
simulation and data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) shows an
annual oscillation in its composition that results from the interaction of
an annual oscillation in slow ascent from the TTL to the LS and seasonal
variations in sources, including a semi-annual oscillation in CO from
biomass burning. The impacts of CO sources that peak when ascent is
seasonally low are damped (e.g. Southern Hemisphere biomass burning) and
vice-versa for sources that peak when ascent is seasonally high (e.g.
extra-tropical fossil fuels). Interannual variation of CO in the UT/LS is
caused primarily by year-to-year variations in biomass burning and the
locations of deep convection. During our study period, 1994–1998, we find
that the highest concentrations of CO in the UT/LS occurred during the
strong 1997–1998 El Niño event for two reasons: i. tropical deep convection
shifted to the eastern Pacific Ocean, closer to South American and African
CO sources, and ii. emissions from Indonesian biomass burning were higher.
This extreme event can be seen as an upper bound on the impact of biomass
burning pollution on the UT/LS. We estimate that the 1997 Indonesian
wildfires increased CO in the entire TTL and tropical LS (>60 mb) by more
than 40% and 10%, respectively, for several months. Zonal mean ozone
increased and the hydroxyl radical decreased by as much as 20%,
increasing the lifetimes and, subsequently TST, of trace gases. Our results
indicate that the impact of biomass burning pollution on the UT/LS is likely
greatest during an El Niño event due to favorable dynamics and
historically higher burning rates. |
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