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| Titel |
Numerical simulation of tsunami generation by cold volcanic mass flows at Augustine Volcano, Alaska |
| VerfasserIn |
C. F. Waythomas, P. Watts, J. S. Walder |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1561-8633
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 6, no. 5 ; Nr. 6, no. 5 (2006-07-26), S.671-685 |
| Datensatznummer |
250003702
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-6-671-2006.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Many of the world's active volcanoes are situated on or near coastlines.
During eruptions, diverse geophysical mass flows, including pyroclastic
flows, debris avalanches, and lahars, can deliver large volumes of
unconsolidated debris to the ocean in a short period of time and thereby
generate tsunamis. Deposits of both hot and cold volcanic mass flows
produced by eruptions of Aleutian arc volcanoes are exposed at many
locations along the coastlines of the Bering Sea, North Pacific Ocean, and
Cook Inlet, indicating that the flows entered the sea and in some cases may
have initiated tsunamis. We evaluate the process of tsunami generation by
cold granular subaerial volcanic mass flows using examples from Augustine
Volcano in southern Cook Inlet. Augustine Volcano is the most historically
active volcano in the Cook Inlet region, and future eruptions, should they
lead to debris-avalanche formation and tsunami generation, could be
hazardous to some coastal areas. Geological investigations at Augustine
Volcano suggest that as many as 12–14 debris avalanches have reached the sea
in the last 2000 years, and a debris avalanche emplaced during an A.D. 1883
eruption may have initiated a tsunami that was observed about 80 km
east of the volcano at the village of English Bay (Nanwalek) on the coast of
the southern Kenai Peninsula. Numerical simulation of mass-flow motion,
tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation for Augustine Volcano
indicate only modest wave generation by volcanic mass flows and localized
wave effects. However, for east-directed mass flows entering Cook Inlet,
tsunamis are capable of reaching the more populated coastlines of the
southwestern Kenai Peninsula, where maximum water amplitudes of several
meters are possible. |
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