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| Titel |
A numerical scheme to calculate temperature and salinity dependent air-water transfer velocities for any gas |
| VerfasserIn |
M. T. Johnson |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1812-0784
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Ocean Science ; 6, no. 4 ; Nr. 6, no. 4 (2010-10-28), S.913-932 |
| Datensatznummer |
250003681
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/os-6-913-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The ocean-atmosphere flux of a gas can be calculated from its
measured or estimated concentration gradient across the air-sea
interface and the transfer velocity (a term representing the
conductivity of the layers either side of the interface with respect
to the gas of interest). Traditionally the transfer velocity has
been estimated from empirical relationships with wind speed, and
then scaled by the Schmidt number of the gas being transferred.
Complex, physically based models of transfer velocity (based on more
physical forcings than wind speed alone), such as the NOAA COARE
algorithm, have more recently been applied to well-studied gases
such as carbon dioxide and DMS (although many studies still use the
simpler approach for these gases), but there is a lack of validation
of such schemes for other, more poorly studied gases. The aim of
this paper is to provide a flexible numerical scheme which will
allow the estimation of transfer velocity for any gas as a function
of wind speed, temperature and salinity, given data on the
solubility and liquid molar volume of the particular gas. New and
existing parameterizations (including a novel empirical
parameterization of the salinity-dependence of Henry's law
solubility) are brought together into a scheme implemented
as a modular, extensible program in the R computing environment
which is available in the supplementary online material accompanying
this paper; along with input files containing solubility and
structural data for ~90 gases of general interest, enabling the
calculation of their total transfer velocities and component
parameters. Comparison of the scheme presented here with alternative
schemes and methods for calculating air-sea flux parameters shows
good agreement in general. It is intended that the various
components of this numerical scheme should be applied only in the
absence of experimental data providing robust values for parameters
for a particular gas of interest. |
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