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| Titel |
Simulations over South Asia using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem): chemistry evaluation and initial results |
| VerfasserIn |
R. Kumar, M. Naja, G. G. Pfister, M. C. Barth, C. Wiedinmyer, G. P. Brasseur |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1991-959X
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 5, no. 3 ; Nr. 5, no. 3 (2012-05-11), S.619-648 |
| Datensatznummer |
250002610
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-5-619-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| This study presents annual simulations of tropospheric ozone and related
species made for the first time using the WRF-Chem model over South Asia for
the year 2008. The model-simulated ozone, CO, and NOx are evaluated
against ground-based, balloon-borne and satellite-borne (TES, OMI and
MOPITT) observations. The comparison of model results with surface ozone
observations from seven sites and CO and NOx observations from three
sites indicate the model's ability in reproducing seasonal variations of
ozone and CO, but show some differences in NOx. The modeled vertical
ozone distribution agrees well with the ozone soundings data from two Indian
sites. The vertical distributions of TES ozone and MOPITT CO are generally
well reproduced, but the model underestimates TES ozone, OMI tropospheric
column NO2 and MOPITT total column CO retrievals during all the months,
except MOPITT retrievals during August–January and OMI retrievals during
winter. Largest differences between modeled and satellite-retrieved
quantities are found during spring when intense biomass burning activity
occurs in this region. The evaluation results indicate large uncertainties
in anthropogenic and biomass burning emission estimates, especially for
NOx. The model results indicate clear regional differences in the
seasonality of surface ozone over South Asia, with estimated net ozone
production during daytime (1130–1530 h) over inland regions of 0–5 ppbv h−1 during all seasons and of 0–2 ppbv h−1 over marine regions
during outflow periods. The model results indicate that ozone production in
this region is mostly NOx-limited. This study shows that WRF-Chem model
captures many important features of the observations and gives confidence to
using the model for understanding the spatio-temporal variability of ozone
over South Asia. However, improvements of South Asian emission inventories
and simulations at finer model resolution, especially over the complex
Himalayan terrain in northern India, are also essential for accurately
simulating ozone in this region. |
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