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| Titel |
SMOKE for Europe – adaptation, modification and evaluation of a comprehensive emission model for Europe |
| VerfasserIn |
J. Bieser, A. Aulinger, V. Matthias, M. Quante, P. Builtjes |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1991-959X
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 4, no. 1 ; Nr. 4, no. 1 (2011-01-25), S.47-68 |
| Datensatznummer |
250001553
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/gmd-4-47-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
The US EPA regional emission model SMOKE was adopted and modified to create
temporally and spatially distributed emission for Europe and surrounding
countries based on official reports and public domain data only. The aim is
to develop a flexible model capable of creating consistent high resolution
emission data for long-term runs of Chemical Transport Models (CTMs). This
modified version of SMOKE, called SMOKE for EUROPE (SMOKE-EU) was
successfully used to create hourly gridded emissions for the timespan
1970–2010.
In this paper the SMOKE-EU model and the underlying European datasets are
introduced. Emission data created by SMOKE-EU for the year 2000 are evaluated
by comparison to data of three different state-of-the-art emission models.
SMOKE-EU produced a range of values comparable to the other three datasets.
Further, concentrations of criteria pollutants calculated by the CTM CMAQ
using the four different emission datasets were compared against EMEP
measurements with hourly and daily resolution. Using SMOKE-EU gave the most
reliable modelling of O3, NO2 and SO42−. The amount of simulated
concentrations within a factor of 2 (F2) of the observations for these
species are: O3 (F2 = 0.79, N = 329 197), NO2 (F2 = 0.55,
N = 11 465) and SO42− (F2 = 0.62, N = 17 536). The lowest
values were found for NH4+ (F2 = 0.34, N = 7400) and NO3−
(F2 = 0.25, N = 6184). NH4+ concentrations were generally
overestimated, leading to a fractional bias (FB) averaged over 22 measurement
stations of (FB = 0.83 ± 0.41) while better agreements with
observations were found for SO42− (FB = 0.06 ± 0.38,
51 stations) and NO3− (FB = 0.13 ± 0.75, 18 stations).
CMAQ simulations using the three other emission datasets were similar to
those modelled using SMOKE-EU emissions. Highest differences where found for
NH4+ while O3 concentrations were almost identical. |
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