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| Titel |
Simulation of tsunamis induced by volcanic activity in the Gulf of Naples (Italy) |
| VerfasserIn |
S. Tinti, G. Pagnoni, A. Piatanesi |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1561-8633
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 3, no. 5 ; Nr. 3, no. 5, S.311-320 |
| Datensatznummer |
250001230
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-3-311-2003.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The paper explores
the potential of tsunami generation by pyroclastic flows travelling down
the flank of the volcano Vesuvius that is found south of Naples in Italy.
The eruption history of Vesuvius shows that it is characterised by large
explosive eruptions of plinian or subplinian type during which large
volume of pyroclastic flows can be produced. The most remarkable examples
of such eruptions occurred in 79 AD and in 1631 and were catastrophic.
Presently Vesuvius is in a repose time that, according to volcanologists,
could be interrupted by a large eruption, and consequently proper plans of
preparedness and emergency management have been devised by civil
authorities based on a scenario envisaging a large eruption. Recently,
numerical models of magma ascent and of eruptive column formation and
collapse have been published for the Vesuvius volcano, and propagation of
pyroclastic flows down the slope of the volcanic edifice up to the close
shoreline have been computed. These flows can reach the sea in the Gulf of
Naples: the denser slow part will enter the waters, while the lighter and
faster part of the flow can travel on the water surface exerting a
pressure on it. This paper studies the tsunami produced by the pressure
pulse associated with the transit of the low-density phase of the
pyroclastic flow on the sea surface by means of numerical simulations. The
study is divided into two parts. First the hydrodynamic characteristics of
the Gulf of Naples as regards the propagation of long waves are analysed
by studying the waves radiating from a source that is a static initial
depression of the sea level localised within the gulf. Then the tsunami
produced by a pressure pulse moving from the Vesuvius toward the open sea
is simulated: the forcing pulse features are derived from the recent
studies on Vesuvian pyroclastic flows in the literature. The tsunami
resulting from the computations is a perturbation involving the whole Gulf
of Naples, but it is negligible outside, and persists within the gulf long
after the transit of the excitation pulse. The size of the tsunami is
modest. The largest calculated oscillations are found along the innermost
coasts of the gulf at Naples and at Castellammare. The main conclusion of
the study is that the light component of the pyroclastic flows produced by
future large eruptions of Vesuvius are not expected to set up catastrophic
tsunamis. |
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