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| Titel |
Danish auroral science history |
| VerfasserIn |
P. Stauning |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
2190-5010
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: History of Geo- and Space Sciences ; 2, no. 1 ; Nr. 2, no. 1 (2011-01-04), S.1-28 |
| Datensatznummer |
250000467
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hgss-2-1-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Danish auroral science history begins with the early auroral
observations made by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe during the years from
1582 to 1601 preceding the Maunder minimum in solar activity. Included are
also the brilliant observations made by another astronomer, Ole Rømer,
from Copenhagen in 1707, as well as the early auroral observations made from
Greenland by missionaries during the 18th and 19th centuries. The
relations between auroras and geomagnetic variations were analysed by H. C. Ørsted, who also played a vital role in the development of Danish
meteorology that came to include comprehensive auroral observations from
Denmark, Iceland and Greenland as well as auroral and geomagnetic research.
The very important auroral investigations made by Sophus Tromholt are
outlined. His analysis from 1880 of auroral observations from Greenland
prepared for the significant contributions from the Danish Meteorological
Institute, DMI, (founded in 1872) to the first International Polar Year
1882/83, where an expedition headed by Adam Paulsen was sent to Greenland to
conduct auroral and geomagnetic observations. Paulsen's analyses of the
collected data gave many important results but also raised many new
questions that gave rise to auroral expeditions to Iceland in 1899 to 1900
and to Finland in 1900 to 1901. Among the results from these expeditions
were 26 unique paintings of the auroras made by the artist painter, Harald
Moltke. The expedition to Finland was headed by Dan la Cour, who later as
director of the DMI came to be in charge of the comprehensive international
geomagnetic and auroral observations made during the Second International
Polar Year in 1932/33. Finally, the article describes the important
investigations made by Knud Lassen during, among others, the International
Geophysical Year 1957/58 and during the International Quiet Sun Year (IQSY)
in 1964/65. With his leadership the auroral and geomagnetic research at DMI
reached a high international level that came to be the background for the
first Danish satellite, Ørsted, successfully launched in 1999 and still
in operation. |
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