 |
| Titel |
Volcanic gas emissions during active dome growth at Mount Cleveland, Alaska, August 2015 |
| VerfasserIn |
Cynthia Werner, Christoph Kern, John Lyons, Peter Kelly, David Schneider, Kristi Wallace, Rick Wessels |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2016
|
| Medientyp |
Artikel
|
| Sprache |
en
|
| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 18 (2016) |
| Datensatznummer |
250131137
|
| Publikation (Nr.) |
 EGU/EGU2016-11506.pdf |
|
|
|
|
|
| Zusammenfassung |
| Volcanic gas emissions and chemistry data were measured for the first time at Mount
Cleveland (1730 m) in the Central Aleutian arc, Alaska, on August 14-15, 2015 as part of the
NSF-GeoPRISMS initiative, and co-funded by the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) and the
USGS Alaska Volcano Observatory. The measurements were made in the month following
two explosive events (July 21 and August 7, 2015) that destroyed a small dome (∼50x85 m),
which had experienced episodic growth in the crater since November, 2014. These explosions
resulted in the elevation of the aviation color code and alert level from Yellow/Advisory
to Orange/Watch on July 21, 2015. Between the November, 2014 and July, 2015
dome-destroying explosions, the volcano experienced: (1) frequent periods of elevated
surface temperatures in the summit region (based on Mid-IR satellite observations), (2)
limited volcano-seismic tremor, (3) visible degassing as recorded in webcam images
with occasionally robust plumes, and (4) at least one aseismic volcanic event that
deposited small amounts of ash on the upper flanks of the volcano (detected by
infrasound, observed visually and in Landsat 8 images). Intermittent plumes were also
sometimes detectable up to 60 km downwind in Mid-IR satellite images, but this was not
typical.
Lava extrusion resumed following the explosion as indicated in satellite data by
highly elevated Mid-IR surface temperatures, but was not identifiable in seismic
data. By early-mid August, 2015, a new dome growing in the summit crater had
reached 80 m across with temperatures of 550-600 C as measured on August 4 with a
helicopter-borne thermal IR camera. A semitransparent plume extended several kilometers
downwind of the volcano during the field campaign. A helicopter instrumented with an
upward-looking UV spectrometer (mini DOAS) and a Multi-GAS was used to measure SO2
emission rates and in situ mixing ratios of H2O, CO2, SO2, and H2S in the plume.
On August 14 and 15, 2015, a total of 14 helicopter traverses made beneath the
plume resulted in SO2 emission rates ranging from 460 to 860 t/d. Four of the 14
measurements were made during a dedicated gas flight where emission rates varied
between 480-580 t/d SO2 over an approximate 20 minute period on August 15,
demonstrating the short-term variability of emissions. Transects through the plume were
also flown during the gas flight with the highest concentrations (∼ 0.5 ppm SO2)
measured approximately 2.6 km downwind of the volcano. Volcanic CO2 was at
detection limits and in-plume concentrations exceeded background air by only 1-
1.5 ppm. Volcanic H2O could not be resolved above atmospheric background and
H2S was not detected. Low molar C/S ratios derived from these data (< 3) are
consistent with the presence of shallow magma in the system and the observed
growth of a new lava dome. Gas emissions data will be compared with the low level
background seismicity and infrasound from the Cleveland geophysical network. |
|
|
|
|
|
|