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| Titel |
Annual variations of carbonaceous PM2.5 in Malaysia: influence by Indonesian peatland fires |
| VerfasserIn |
Y. Fujii, S. Tohno, N. Amil, M. T. Latif, M. Oda, J. Matsumoto, A. Mizohata |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 15, no. 23 ; Nr. 15, no. 23 (2015-12-01), S.13319-13329 |
| Datensatznummer |
250120197
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-15-13319-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In this study, we quantified carbonaceous PM2.5 in Malaysia through
annual observations of PM2.5, focusing on organic compounds derived
from biomass burning. We determined organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon
and concentrations of solvent-extractable organic compounds (biomarkers
derived from biomass burning sources and n-alkanes). We observed seasonal
variations in the concentrations of pyrolyzed OC (OP), levoglucosan (LG),
mannosan (MN), galactosan, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid (VA) and
cholesterol. The average concentrations of OP, LG, MN, galactosan, VA and
cholesterol were higher during the southwestern monsoon season
(June–September) than during the northeastern monsoon season
(December–March), and these differences were statistically significant.
Conversely, the syringaldehyde concentration during the southwestern monsoon
season was lower. The PM2.5 OP / OC4 mass ratio allowed distinguishing
the seven samples, which have been affected by the Indonesian peatland fires
(IPFs). In addition, we observed significant differences in the
concentrations between the Indonesian peatland fire (IPF) and other samples of many chemical species.
Thus, the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Malaysia appeared to be
significantly influenced by IPFs during the southwestern monsoon season.
Furthermore, we evaluated two indicators, the vanillic acid / syringic acid
(VA / SA) and LG / MN mass ratios, which have been suggested as indicators of
IPFs. The LG / MN mass ratio ranged from 14 to 22 in the IPF samples and from
11 to 31 in the other samples. Thus, the respective variation ranges
partially overlapped. Consequently, this ratio did not satisfactorily
reflect the effects of IPFs in Malaysia. In contrast, the VA / SA mass ratio
may serve as a good indicator, since it significantly differed between the
IPF and other samples. However, the OP / OC4 mass ratio provided more
remarkable differences than the VA / SA mass ratio, offering an even better
indicator. Finally, we extracted biomass burning emissions' sources such as
IPF, softwood/hardwood burning and meat cooking through varimax-rotated
principal component analysis. |
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