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| Titel |
Sea level trend and variability around Peninsular Malaysia |
| VerfasserIn |
Q. H. Luu, P. Tkalich, T. W. Tay |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1812-0784
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Ocean Science ; 11, no. 4 ; Nr. 11, no. 4 (2015-08-04), S.617-628 |
| Datensatznummer |
250117268
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/os-11-617-2015.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
Sea level rise due to climate change is non-uniform globally, necessitating
regional estimates. Peninsular Malaysia is located in the middle of
Southeast Asia, bounded from the west by the Malacca Strait, from the east
by the South China Sea (SCS), and from the south by the Singapore Strait. The sea
level along the peninsula may be influenced by various regional phenomena
native to the adjacent parts of the Indian and Pacific oceans. To examine
the variability and trend of sea level around the peninsula, tide gauge
records and satellite altimetry are analyzed taking into account vertical land movements (VLMs).
At annual scale, sea level anomalies (SLAs) around Peninsular Malaysia on the order of 5–25 cm are mainly monsoon driven. Sea levels at eastern and
western coasts respond differently to the Asian monsoon: two peaks per year
in the Malacca Strait due to South Asian–Indian monsoon; an annual cycle in
the remaining region mostly due to the East Asian–western Pacific monsoon.
At interannual scale, regional sea level variability in the range of ±6 cm is correlated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). SLAs
in the Malacca Strait side are further correlated with the
Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in the range of ±5 cm. Interannual regional sea level falls are
associated with El Niño events and positive phases of IOD, whilst rises
are correlated with La Niña episodes and negative values of the IOD
index. At seasonal to interannual scales, we observe the separation of the sea
level patterns in the Singapore Strait, between the Raffles Lighthouse and
Tanjong Pagar tide stations, likely caused by a dynamic constriction in the
narrowest part.
During the observation period 1986–2013, average relative rates of sea
level rise derived from tide gauges in Malacca Strait and along the east
coast of the peninsula are 3.6±1.6 and 3.7±1.1 mm yr−1, respectively. Correcting for respective
VLMs
(0.8±2.6 and 0.9±2.2 mm yr−1), their corresponding geocentric sea level rise
rates are estimated at 4.4±3.1 and 4.6±2.5 mm yr−1.
The geocentric rates are about 25 % faster than those measured at tide
gauges around the peninsula; however, the level of uncertainty associated
with VLM data is relatively high. For the common period between 1993 and
2009, geocentric sea level rise values along the Malaysian coast are similar
from tide gauge records and satellite altimetry (3.1 and 2.7 mm yr−1,
respectively), and arguably correspond to the global trend. |
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