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| Titel |
Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model-I: building an emissions data base |
| VerfasserIn |
S. N. Smith, S. F. Mueller |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 10, no. 10 ; Nr. 10, no. 10 (2010-05-27), S.4931-4952 |
| Datensatznummer |
250008486
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-10-4931-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and
surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental
Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for
simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the
Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system)
currently estimates non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions
from biogenic sources, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from soils,
ammonia from animals, several types of particulate and reactive gas
emissions from fires, as well as sea salt emissions. However, there are
several emission categories that are not commonly treated by the standard
CMAQ Model system. Most notable among these are nitrogen oxide emissions
from lightning, reduced sulfur emissions from oceans, geothermal features
and other continental sources, windblown dust particulate, and reactive
chlorine gas emissions linked with sea salt chloride. A review of past
emissions modeling work and existing global emissions data bases provides
information and data necessary for preparing a more complete natural
emissions data base for CMAQ applications. A model-ready natural emissions
data base is developed to complement the anthropogenic emissions inventory
used by the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization in its work analyzing
regional haze based on the year 2002. This new data base covers a modeling
domain that includes the continental United States plus large portions of
Canada, Mexico and surrounding oceans. Comparing July 2002 source data
reveals that natural emissions account for 16% of total gaseous sulfur
(sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide), 44% of total
NOx, 80% of reactive carbonaceous gases (NMVOCs and carbon
monoxide), 28% of ammonia, 96% of total chlorine (hydrochloric acid,
nitryl chloride and sea salt chloride), and 84% of fine particles (i.e.,
those smaller than 2.5 μm in size) released into the atmosphere. The
seasonality and relative importance of the various natural emissions
categories are described. |
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