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| Titel |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
| VerfasserIn |
E.-M. Kyrö, R. Väänänen, V.-M. Kerminen, A. Virkkula, T. Petäjä, A. Asmi, M. Dal Maso, T. Nieminen, S. Juhola, A. Shcherbinin, I. Riipinen, K. Lehtipalo, P. Keronen, P. P. Aalto, P. Hari, M. Kulmala  |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 9 ; Nr. 14, no. 9 (2014-05-05), S.4383-4396 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118678
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-4383-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic
SO2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the
Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have
been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased
SO2 concentrations close to Kola in eastern Lapland, Finland. At the
same time, the frequency of new particle formation days has been decreasing
distinctively at SMEAR I station in eastern Lapland, especially during spring
and autumn. We show that sulfur species, namely sulfur dioxide and sulfuric
acid, have an important role in both new particle formation and subsequent
growth and that the decrease in new particle formation days is a result of
the reduction of sulfur emissions originating from Kola Peninsula. In
addition to sulfur species, there are many other quantities, such as
formation rate of aerosol particles, condensation sink and nucleation mode
particle number concentration, which are related to the number of observed
new particle formation (NPF) days and need to be addressed when linking
sulfur emissions and NPF. We show that while most of these quantities exhibit
statistically significant trends, the reduction in Kola sulfur emissions is
the most obvious reason for the rapid decline in NPF days. Sulfuric acid
explains approximately 20–50% of the aerosol condensational growth
observed at SMEAR I, and there is a large seasonal variation with highest
values obtained during spring and autumn. We found that (i) particles form
earlier after sunrise during late winter and early spring due to high
concentrations of SO2 and H2SO4; (ii) several events occurred
during the absence of light, and they were connected to higher than average
concentrations of SO2; and (iii) high SO2 concentrations could
advance the onset of nucleation by several hours. Moreover, air masses coming
over Kola Peninsula seemed to favour new particle formation. |
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