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| Titel |
Can satellite-based monitoring techniques be used to quantify volcanic CO2 emissions? |
| VerfasserIn |
Florian M. Schwandner, Simon A. Carn, Akihiko Kuze, Fumie Kataoka, Kei Shiomi, Naoki Goto, Christoph Popp, Masataka Ajiro, Hiroshi Suto, Toru Takeda, Sayaka Kanekon, Christine Sealing, Verity Flower |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2014
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 16 (2014) |
| Datensatznummer |
250098687
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 EGU/EGU2014-14388.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Since 2010, we investigate and improve possible methods to regularly target volcanic centers
from space in order to detect volcanic carbon dioxide (CO2) point source anomalies, using
the Japanese Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Our long-term goals
are: (a) better spatial and temporal coverage of volcano monitoring techniques; (b)
improvement of the currently highly uncertain global CO2 emission inventory for
volcanoes, and (c) use of volcanic CO2 emissions for high altitude, strong point source
emission and dispersion studies in atmospheric science. The difficulties posed by
strong relief, orogenic clouds, and aerosols are minimized by a small field of view,
enhanced spectral resolving power, by employing repeat target mode observation
strategies, and by comparison to continuous ground based sensor network validation
data.
GOSAT is a single-instrument Earth observing greenhouse gas mission aboard JAXA’s
IBUKI satellite in sun-synchronous polar orbit. GOSAT’s Fourier-Transform Spectrometer
(TANSO-FTS) has been producing total column XCO2 data since January 2009, at a repeat
cycle of 3 days, offering great opportunities for temporal monitoring of point sources.
GOSAT’s 10 km field of view can spatially integrate entire volcanic edifices within one
“shot” in precise target mode. While it doesn’t have any spatial scanning or mapping
capability, it does have strong spectral resolving power and agile pointing capability to focus
on several targets of interest per orbit. Sufficient uncertainty reduction is achieved through
comprehensive in-flight vicarious calibration, in close collaboration between NASA and
JAXA. Challenges with the on-board pointing mirror system have been compensated
for employing custom observation planning strategies, including repeat sacrificial
upstream reference points to control pointing mirror motion, empirical individualized
target offset compensation, observation pattern simulations to minimize view angle
azimuth.
Since summer 2010 we have conducted repeated target mode observations of now almost
40 persistently active global volcanoes and other point sources, including Etna (Italy), Mayon
(Philippines), Hawaii (USA), Popocatepetl (Mexico), and Ambrym (Vanuatu), using GOSAT
FTS SWIR data. In this presentation we will summarize results from over three
years of measurements and progress toward understanding detectability with this
method. In emerging collaboration with the Deep Carbon Observatory’s DECADE
program, the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) global database of
volcanic unrest (WOVOdat), and country specific observatories and agencies we see
a growing potential for ground based validation synergies. Complementing the
ongoing GOSAT mission, NASA is on schedule to launch its OCO-2 satellite in
July 2014, which will provide higher spatial but lower temporal resolution. Further
orbiting and geostationary satellite sensors are in planning at JAXA, NASA, and
ESA.
© 2014 California Institute of Technology |
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