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| Titel |
The sensitivity of the modeled energy budget and hydrological cycle to CO2 and solar forcing |
| VerfasserIn |
N. Schaller, J. Čermák, M. Wild, R. Knutti |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
2190-4979
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Earth System Dynamics ; 4, no. 2 ; Nr. 4, no. 2 (2013-08-02), S.253-266 |
| Datensatznummer |
250084950
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/esd-4-253-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The transient responses of the energy budget and the hydrological cycle to
CO2 and solar forcings of the same magnitude in a global climate model
are quantified in this study. Idealized simulations are designed to test the
assumption that the responses to forcings are linearly additive, i.e. whether
the response to individual forcings can be added to estimate the responses to
the combined forcing, and to understand the physical processes occurring as a
response to a surface warming caused by CO2 or solar forcing increases
of the same magnitude. For the global climate model considered, the responses
of most variables of the energy budget and hydrological cycle, including
surface temperature, do not add linearly. A separation of the response into a
forcing and a feedback term shows that for precipitation, this non-linearity
arises from the feedback term, i.e. from the non-linearity of the temperature
response and the changes in the water cycle resulting from it. Further,
changes in the energy budget show that less energy is available at the
surface for global annual mean latent heat flux, and hence global annual mean
precipitation, in simulations of transient CO2 concentration increase
compared to simulations with an equivalent transient increase in the solar
constant. On the other hand, lower tropospheric water vapor increase is
similar between simulations with CO2 and solar forcing increase of the
same magnitude. The response in precipitation is therefore more muted
compared to the response in water vapor in CO2 forcing simulations,
leading to a larger increase in residence time of water vapor in the
atmosphere compared to solar forcing simulations. Finally, energy budget
calculations show that poleward atmospheric energy transport increases more
in solar forcing compared to equivalent CO2 forcing simulations, which
is in line with the identified strong increase in large-scale precipitation
in solar forcing scenarios. |
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