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| Titel |
Influence of forest management on the changes of organic soil properties in border part of Kragle Mokradlo Peatland (Stolowe Mountains National Park, Poland) |
| VerfasserIn |
A. Bogacz, M. Roszkowicz |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2009
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 11 (2009) |
| Datensatznummer |
250021118
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| Zusammenfassung |
| SUMMARY
The aim of this work was to determine the properties of organic soils modified by man,
muddy and fluvial process. Peat horizons were analyzed and classified by types - and species
of peat. Three profiles of shallow peat and peaty gley soils identified. Investigation showed
that organic soil developed on a sandy weathered sandstone base according to oligotrophic
type of sites. Organic horizons were mixed with sand and separated by sandy layers. Those
soils were classified as Sapric Histosols Dystric or Sapric Gleysols Histic (WRB 2006).
The throphism of organic soil in this object resulted from both natural factors and
anthropo-pedogenesis.
key words: peat deposit, organic soils, soil properties, muddy process, sandy layers
INTRODUCTION
The areas of Stolowe Mountains National Park were influenced by forestry management.
Many peatlands in the Park area were drained for forestry before World War II. Several
amelioration attempts were undertaken as early as in the nineteenth century. The system of
forest roads were built on drained areas. The Kragle Mokradlo Peatland is located
in the Skalniak plateau. The object is cut by a melioration ditch. This ditch has
been recently blocked to rewet the objects. Several forest roads pass in the close
neighbourhood of investigated areas. In a border part of Kragle Mokradlo Peatlands, we can
observe artificial spruce habitat. Investigated object represents shallow peat soil
developed on sandy basement. The early investigations showed that peaty soils
were also covered by sandstone - related deposits, several dozen centimeter thick
(BOGACZ 2000). Those layers was developed from sandstone weathered material
transported by wind and water. The aim of presented works was to determine the stage of
evolution of organic soils on the base on their morphological, physical and chemical
properties.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Peat soils in different locations (3 profiles, 18 samples) were selected for examination. Peat
samples were collected from study areas using a 6.0 cm diameter Instorfu peat
auger (HORAWSKI 1987). Soil horizons were determined on the basis of colour,
degree of organic matter decomposition and the quality of vegetation remains. Cores
were taken to the depth where underlying mineral material was encountered. The
cores ware sectioned to subsamples at intervals at major stratigrafic breaks. Some
physical, chemical properties and botanical composition of peat were determined in
this material. Differentiation in botanical composition of peat was analyzed by the
microscopic method and subsequently classified according to the Polish standards
(Oznaczanie gatunku...1977). Peat humification degree was measured using two
methods: SPEC method and half syringe method (LYNN at all. 1974). Ash content was
estimated by combusting the material in a muffle furnace at 500oC for 4 hours. The
texture of mineral horizons was determined using the Bouyoucos hydrometer method
(GEE AND BOUNDER 1986). The specific gravity (W) and bulk density (Z) of
organic soils were calculated using the following formula’s (ZAWADZKI 1970):
W=0.11A+1.451, (1.451) represents the specific gravity of humus, Z =0.004A+0.0913,
A is a ash content and constant (0.0913) represents the bulk density of humus.
The following chemical properties of organic soil horizons were analyzed: content
of total carbon and nitrogen, acidity in H2O and 1mol dm-3 KCl and CECe in
CH3COONH4 at pH 7. Base saturation (BS) of soil sorption complex was calculated.
The soils were classified to reference groups in WRB Classification System (WRB
2006).
RESULTS AND DISSCUSION
Based on the cores, -the soils in the border part of Kragle Mokradlo Peatland area were
classified as Sapric Histosols Dystric or Sapric Gleysols Histic (WRB 2006). Soils
represented ombrogenic type of hydrological conditions. In that site, an ombrogenic type of
hydrological input is the predominant mechanism of soil evolution. Soil examined
in this study have developed in oligotrophic type of site. Organic soils developed
on sandy weathered sandstones. The depth of organic horizons ranged from 40 to
80 cm. The object represented spruce forests habitat introduced by man. Organic
horizons were separated by sandy layers. The process of sandstone weathering and
forestry management changed morphological features of soils. Presently, the area
is under the influence of fluvigenic type of hydrological input, too. Geobotanical
analyses of peat layers indicated significant presence of preserved fragments of
roots grasses, Sphagnum sp. and Bryales sp. Hemic or sapric material were usually
present in organic horizons of this object. Analysis of organic horizons showed that
their specific gravity was about 1.58-2.25 g cm-3, the bulk density was 0.14-0.42 g
cm-3. The total porosity was in the range 82.0-91.1% and the ash content: in the
range 11.74-77.96% of soil dry matter. Organic material consisting of weathered
sandstone was likely to move down the profiles, increasing the concentration of
sand and silt fractions in organic horizons. The similar phenomenon of residual
deposits was reported by KLEMENTOWSKI (1979). The values of bulk density of
peatland soils are connected with the high ash content. Ash content was different in
situated layers. This is caused by the muddy and fluvial process. This situation was
influenced by trophical status of this soils. The pH of sand and peat layers in a
border part of Krągłe Mokradło Peatland was strongly acidic: pH H2O 2.92-3.51, pH
KCl 2.38-3.07. The acidity was lower in upper horizons than in deeper ones. The
ratio C/N in organic horizons ranged between 10:1 to 40:1. Low ratios of C/N in
some upper horizons were probably caused by strong mineralization of organic
matter. Strongly acidic soil horizons usually exhibited high cation exchange capacity
(CECe). In general, the base saturated (BS) did not exceed 50%. Organic surface
horizons showed higher content of potassium, calcium and magnesium than lower
horizons.
CONCLUSIONS
Shallow organic soils occupy the ombrotrophic sites of a border part of Kragle Mokradlo
Peatland. The variety of organic soil throphism in the object resulted from the placement on
the base sandstone, partial mixing of soil horizons as well as from muddy and fluvial
processes. Peat horizons present in the studied profiles were generally classified as
hemic and sapric, sometimes as fibric. Soil horizons exhibited differed thickness
and ash content. Forest management strongly changed the properties of organic
soil.
REFERENCES
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(Poland). Suo 51,3; pp.105-113.
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Analysis Part I. Agronomy series No. 9. Am. Soc. Agronomy Soil Sci. Am, Inc., Publ.,
Madison, WI.pp. 383-411.
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