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| Titel |
Aerosol and NOx emission factors and submicron particle number size distributions in two road tunnels with different traffic regimes |
| VerfasserIn |
D. Imhof, E. Weingärtner, A. S. H. Prévôt, C. Ordóñez, R. Kurtenbach, P. Wiesen, J. Rodler, P. Sturm, I. McCrae, M. Ekström, U. Baltensperger |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 6, no. 8 ; Nr. 6, no. 8 (2006-06-21), S.2215-2230 |
| Datensatznummer |
250003928
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-6-2215-2006.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Measurements of aerosol particle number size distributions (18–700 nm), mass
concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) and NOx were performed in the Plabutsch
tunnel, Austria, and in the Kingsway tunnel, United Kingdom. These two
tunnels show different characteristics regarding the roadway gradient, the
composition of the vehicle fleet and the traffic frequency. The submicron
particle size distributions contained a soot mode in the diameter range D=80–100 nm
and a nucleation mode in the range of D=20–40 nm. In the
Kingsway tunnel with a significantly lower particle number and volume
concentration level than in the Plabutsch tunnel, a clear diurnal variation
of nucleation and soot mode particles correlated to the traffic density was
observed. In the Plabutsch tunnel, soot mode particles also revealed a
diurnal variation, whereas no substantial variation was found for the
nucleation mode particles. During the night a higher number concentration of
nucleation mode particles were measured than soot mode particles and vice
versa during the day. In this tunnel with very high soot emissions during
daytime due to the heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) share of 18% and another 40%
of diesel driven light-duty vehicles (LDV) semivolatile species
condense on the pre-existing soot surface area rather than forming new
particles by homogeneous nucleation. With the low concentration of soot mode
particles in the Kingsway tunnel, also the nucleation mode particles exhibit
a diurnal variation. From the measured parameters real-world traffic
emission factors were estimated for the whole vehicle fleet as well as
differentiated into the two categories LDV and HDV. In the particle size
range D=18–700 nm, each vehicle of the mixed fleet emits (1.50±0.08)×1014 particles
km-1 (Plabutsch) and (1.26±0.10)×1014 particles km-1 (Kingsway), while particle volume
emission factors of 0.209±0.008 cm3 km-1 and
0.036±0.004 cm3 km-1, respectively, were obtained. PM1 emission factors
of 104±4 mg km-1 (Plabutsch) and 41±4 mg km-1
(Kingsway) were calculated. Emission factors determined in this work were in
good agreement with results from other studies. |
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