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| Titel |
Sources and geographical origins of fine aerosols in Paris (France) |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Bressi, J. Sciare, V. Ghersi, N. Mihalopoulos, J.-E. Petit, J. B. Nicolas, S. Moukhtar, A. Rosso, A. Féron, N. Bonnaire, E. Poulakis, C. Theodosi |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 14, no. 16 ; Nr. 14, no. 16 (2014-08-27), S.8813-8839 |
| Datensatznummer |
250118985
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-14-8813-2014.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The present study aims at identifying and apportioning fine aerosols to their major sources in Paris (France) – the second most populated "larger urban
zone" in Europe – and determining their geographical origins. It is based
on the daily chemical composition of PM2.5 examined over 1 year
at an urban background site of Paris (Bressi et al., 2013). Positive matrix
factorization (EPA PMF3.0) was used to identify and apportion fine aerosols to their sources; bootstrapping was performed to determine the adequate number
of PMF factors, and statistics (root mean square error, coefficient of
determination, etc.) were examined to better model PM2.5 mass and
chemical components. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and
conditional probability function (CPF) allowed the geographical origins of
the sources to be assessed; special attention was paid to implement suitable
weighting functions. Seven factors, namely ammonium sulfate (A.S.)-rich
factor, ammonium nitrate (A.N.)-rich factor, heavy oil combustion, road
traffic, biomass burning, marine aerosols and metal industry, were identified;
a detailed discussion of their chemical characteristics is reported. They
contribute 27, 24, 17, 14, 12, 6 and 1% of PM2.5 mass
(14.7 μg m−3) respectively on the annual average; their
seasonal variability is discussed. The A.S.- and A.N.-rich factors have
undergone mid- or long-range transport from continental
Europe; heavy oil combustion mainly stems from northern France and the
English Channel, whereas road traffic and biomass burning are primarily
locally emitted. Therefore, on average more than half of PM2.5 mass
measured in the city of Paris is due to mid- or long-range transport of
secondary aerosols stemming from continental Europe, whereas local sources
only contribute a quarter of the annual averaged mass. These results imply
that fine-aerosol abatement policies conducted at the local scale may not be
sufficient to notably reduce PM2.5 levels at urban background sites in
Paris, suggesting instead more coordinated strategies amongst neighbouring
countries. Similar conclusions might be drawn in other continental urban
background sites given the transboundary nature of PM2.5 pollution. |
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